Fu, Bojie.
Dryland Social-Ecological Systems in Changing Environments. - 1st ed. - 1 online resource (423 pages)
Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Editors -- 1 The Global-DEP: A Research Programme to Promote Sustainability of Dryland Social-Ecological Systems -- 1.1 An Overview of Drylands and SDGs -- 1.2 Recent Developments in Dryland SES Research -- 1.3 Global-DEP and Its Conceptual Framework -- 1.4 Research Themes and Priorities -- 1.5 Summary and Perspectives -- References -- Part I Thematic Issues of Dryland SESs -- 2 Dryland Dynamics and Driving Forces -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Peculiar Dryland Land Cover and Changes -- 2.2.1 Vegetation Pattern and Changes -- 2.2.2 Biocrust and Changes -- 2.2.3 Photovoltaic Black Surfaces -- 2.3 Dryland Water Availability and Changes -- 2.3.1 Plant Water Utilization Strategy -- 2.3.2 Nonrainfall Water -- 2.3.3 Water Availability -- 2.3.4 Hydrological Impacts of Land-Use Change -- 2.4 Driving Forces of Dryland Changes -- 2.4.1 Climate Change -- 2.4.2 Agricultural Development -- 2.4.3 Urbanization -- 2.4.4 Population Increase and Poverty Alleviation -- 2.5 Prediction of Dryland Changes -- 2.6 Perspective -- References -- 3 Structure, Functions, and Interactions of Dryland Ecosystems -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Dryland Ecosystem Structure and Functions -- 3.2.1 Dryland Ecosystem Structure -- 3.2.2 Dryland Ecosystem Functions -- 3.2.3 Structure-Functions Interactions in Dryland Ecosystems -- 3.3 Structure-Function Interactions Driven by Global Change -- 3.3.1 Structure-Function Interactions Along Aridity Gradients -- 3.3.2 Responses and Feedback of Dryland Ecosystem to Climate Change -- 3.3.3 The Geographical Diversity of the EvolutionTrajectory of Dryland -- 3.4 Stability and Resilience of Dryland Ecosystem and Implications for Restoration -- 3.4.1 Ecosystem Stability and Resilience in Drylands -- 3.4.2 Mechanisms of Maintaining Resilience and Stability. 3.4.3 Ecological Restoration of Dryland for SES Sustainability -- 3.4.4 Ecosystem Management and Structure-Function Inter Action in Drylands -- 3.5 Mechanism for Regime Shifts in Dryland SESs -- 3.5.1 Overview of the Regime Shift and Its Impact on SESs -- 3.5.2 Approach and Indicators for Early Warning of Regime Shifts -- 3.5.3 Prediction Models in Sustainable SESs -- 3.6 Summary and Perspectives -- References -- 4 Dryland Ecosystem Services and Human Wellbeing in a Changing Environment and Society -- 4.1 Background and Significance of the Theme -- 4.2 Quantifying Dryland ESs in the Changing Environment -- 4.2.1 Biophysical Modeling of ESs at Multiple Scales -- 4.2.2 ES Valuation: More Than Monetary Value -- 4.2.3 Drivers and Scenarios -- 4.3 Interactions Among ESs -- 4.3.1 ES Trade-Offs -- 4.3.2 ES Demand and ES Flow -- 4.4 Contributions of ESs to HWB -- 4.4.1 Mediating Factors from ESs to HWB -- 4.4.2 Quantifying the ES-HWB Relations -- 4.5 Landscape Optimization for ESs -- 4.5.1 Spatial Resilience -- 4.5.2 Landscape Optimization -- 4.6 Ecological Compensation and Payment for ESs -- 4.7 Summary -- References -- 5 Ecosystem Management and Sustainable Livelihoods in Drylands -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 Research Background -- 5.1.2 Research Progress -- 5.1.3 Challenges to Livelihoods in Drylands -- 5.2 Building Adaptability and Livelihood Resilience -- 5.2.1 Ecological Capacity of Livelihood in Drylands -- 5.2.2 Impact of Climate Change on Dryland Livelihoods -- 5.2.3 Strategies to Enhance Livelihood Capital -- 5.3 Ecosystem Management and Sustainable Livelihoods -- 5.3.1 Evaluation and Priorities for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals -- 5.3.2 Principle of Ecosystem Management -- 5.3.3 Case Studies and Pathway Exploration -- 5.4 Summary and Perspectives -- References -- Part II Dryland SESs in Different Regions. 6 Socioeconomic and Environmental Changes in Global Drylands -- 6.1 Changes of the Socioeconomic System in Drylands -- 6.1.1 Human Population and Its Regional Variation -- 6.1.2 Net-Migration in Dryland Regions -- 6.1.3 Projected Population Growth -- 6.1.4 Economic Development in Drylands -- 6.2 Changes in Dryland Ecosystems -- 6.2.1 Vegetation Greenness -- 6.2.2 Land Cover Change -- 6.3 Changes in Ecosystem Functions in Drylands -- 6.3.1 Ecosystem Productivity -- 6.3.2 Carbon Sink -- 6.3.3 Carbon-Water Coupling -- 6.4 Changes in Hydrological Regimes -- 6.5 Vulnerability of Dryland Ecosystem and Human -- 6.5.1 Resistance and Resilience of Dryland Ecosystems -- 6.5.2 Water Scarcity of the Dryland Socio-economic System -- References -- 7 Dryland Social-Ecological Systems in Central Asia -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Major Characteristics of Dryland SESs in Central Asia -- 7.2.1 Distribution of Drylands in Central Asia -- 7.2.2 Climate, Soils, Land Use/Land Cover, and Water Resources in Central Asia -- 7.2.3 Ecosystem Structure and Functions -- 7.2.4 Dryland SES Development in Central Asia -- 7.3 Changes of Drylands in Central Asia -- 7.3.1 Land Use/Land Cover Change -- 7.3.2 Land Degradation and Desertification -- 7.3.3 Dynamics of Ecosystem Structure and Functions -- 7.3.4 Changes in Ecosystem Service Values and Human Well-Being -- 7.4 Driving Forces of Dryland Changes -- 7.4.1 Climate Change and Extreme Events -- 7.4.2 Anthropogenic Activities -- 7.4.3 Interactions Among Different Drivers -- 7.5 Ecosystem Management of Central Asia -- 7.5.1 Ecosystem Networks in Central Asia -- 7.5.2 Aral Sea Crisis -- 7.5.3 Response Measures to Aral Sea Crisis -- 7.5.4 Conservation and Effective Practices of Drylands in Central Asia -- 7.6 Summary and Perspectives -- References -- 8 Dryland Dynamics in the Mediterranean Region -- 8.1 Background. 8.2 Major Characteristics of Drylands in the Region -- 8.2.1 Climate and Distribution of Drylands -- 8.2.2 Land Cover and Land Use -- 8.2.3 Land Degradation and Its Signal -- 8.2.4 Shrub Encroachment -- 8.2.5 Loss of Biological Soil Crust -- 8.2.6 Social and Economic Development -- 8.3 Change in Drylands in the Region -- 8.3.1 Climate Change -- 8.3.2 NPP Change Trends -- 8.3.3 Land Cover and Vegetation Changes -- 8.3.4 Crop Structure and Food Production Per Capita Change -- 8.3.5 Water Resource Analysis -- 8.4 Driving Forces of Dryland Change -- 8.4.1 Climate Change -- 8.4.2 Anthropogenic Drivers -- 8.5 Summary and Perspectives -- References -- 9 Dryland Social-Ecological Systems in Africa -- 9.1 Drylands and Socio-ecological Systems in Africa -- 9.2 Major Characteristics of Drylands and DSESs in Africa -- 9.2.1 African Dryland Distribution -- 9.2.2 Climate, Soil, Land Uses, and Land Degradation -- 9.2.3 Water Resources -- 9.2.4 Understanding Dryland Biodiversity as a Basis for Ecosystem Services in Africa -- 9.2.5 Socio-economic Development Indicators -- 9.3 Changing Aspects of African Drylands -- 9.3.1 Dryland Dynamics in the Past Decades -- 9.3.2 Structure and Functions -- 9.3.3 Ecosystem Services, Human Well-Being, and Resilience -- 9.3.4 Livelihoods and Food Security of Local Communities -- 9.3.5 Dryland Conservation and Effective Practices -- 9.3.6 Dryland Nature-Based Solutions (NbS) for Sustainable Management -- 9.4 Driving Forces of Dryland Change -- 9.4.1 Climate Change and Extreme Events -- 9.4.2 Anthropogenic Activities -- 9.4.3 Wildfires -- 9.4.4 Resource Conflicts in African Arid and Semi-arid Areas -- 9.4.5 Interactions Among Different Drivers -- 9.4.6 Research and Technology Gaps in African Arid Ecology -- 9.5 Summary and Perspectives -- References -- 10 Dryland Social-Ecological Systems in Americas -- 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Major Characteristics of Drylands in the Region -- 10.2.1 Dryland Distribution -- 10.2.2 Dryland Ecology and Biogeographical Characters -- 10.2.3 Disturbance and Degradation -- 10.2.4 Dryland Livelihoods -- 10.2.5 The Economy of the Drylands in Americas -- 10.3 Change and Driving Factor of Drylands in Americas -- 10.3.1 Dryland Climate Trends -- 10.3.2 Land Cover Change and the Driving Force -- 10.3.3 Vegetation Structure/Function Changes and the Driving Factor -- 10.3.4 Carbon Dynamic and Nitrogen Dynamics -- 10.4 Managing Drylands in Americas: Challenges and Opportunities -- 10.4.1 Major Issues in Managing Drylands in Americas -- 10.4.2 Sustainable Managing Drylands: Conservation Agriculture, Husbandry, and National Park System -- References -- 11 Dryland Social-Ecological Systems in Australia -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Major Characteristics of Dryland Social-Ecological Systems in Australia -- 11.2.1 Climate Conditions -- 11.2.2 Soil and Topography -- 11.2.3 Land Use/Cover in Dryland Regions in Australia -- 11.2.4 Socioeconomic Factors -- 11.3 Changes in Ecosystem Structures -- 11.4 Changes in Ecosystem Services -- 11.5 Driving Forces of Change in Dryland Social-Ecological Systems in Australia -- 11.5.1 Climate Trend -- 11.5.2 Changes in Extreme Climate Events -- 11.5.3 Dynamics of Fire Disturbance -- 11.5.4 Ecosystem Management -- 11.5.5 Social and Economic Development -- 11.6 Summary and Conclusion -- References -- 12 Structure and Functioning of China's Dryland Ecosystems in a Changing Environment -- 12.1 Background -- 12.2 Major Characteristics of Drylands in China -- 12.2.1 Distribution and Landforms -- 12.2.2 Climate, Soil, Land Uses, and Land Degradation -- 12.2.3 Social and Economic Development -- 12.3 Changes to Drylands in China -- 12.3.1 Structure and Functions -- 12.3.2 Ecosystem Services -- 12.4 Driving Forces of Dryland Change. 12.4.1 Climate Change.
9789819993758
Electronic books.
GB3-5030
Dryland Social-Ecological Systems in Changing Environments. - 1st ed. - 1 online resource (423 pages)
Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Editors -- 1 The Global-DEP: A Research Programme to Promote Sustainability of Dryland Social-Ecological Systems -- 1.1 An Overview of Drylands and SDGs -- 1.2 Recent Developments in Dryland SES Research -- 1.3 Global-DEP and Its Conceptual Framework -- 1.4 Research Themes and Priorities -- 1.5 Summary and Perspectives -- References -- Part I Thematic Issues of Dryland SESs -- 2 Dryland Dynamics and Driving Forces -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Peculiar Dryland Land Cover and Changes -- 2.2.1 Vegetation Pattern and Changes -- 2.2.2 Biocrust and Changes -- 2.2.3 Photovoltaic Black Surfaces -- 2.3 Dryland Water Availability and Changes -- 2.3.1 Plant Water Utilization Strategy -- 2.3.2 Nonrainfall Water -- 2.3.3 Water Availability -- 2.3.4 Hydrological Impacts of Land-Use Change -- 2.4 Driving Forces of Dryland Changes -- 2.4.1 Climate Change -- 2.4.2 Agricultural Development -- 2.4.3 Urbanization -- 2.4.4 Population Increase and Poverty Alleviation -- 2.5 Prediction of Dryland Changes -- 2.6 Perspective -- References -- 3 Structure, Functions, and Interactions of Dryland Ecosystems -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Dryland Ecosystem Structure and Functions -- 3.2.1 Dryland Ecosystem Structure -- 3.2.2 Dryland Ecosystem Functions -- 3.2.3 Structure-Functions Interactions in Dryland Ecosystems -- 3.3 Structure-Function Interactions Driven by Global Change -- 3.3.1 Structure-Function Interactions Along Aridity Gradients -- 3.3.2 Responses and Feedback of Dryland Ecosystem to Climate Change -- 3.3.3 The Geographical Diversity of the EvolutionTrajectory of Dryland -- 3.4 Stability and Resilience of Dryland Ecosystem and Implications for Restoration -- 3.4.1 Ecosystem Stability and Resilience in Drylands -- 3.4.2 Mechanisms of Maintaining Resilience and Stability. 3.4.3 Ecological Restoration of Dryland for SES Sustainability -- 3.4.4 Ecosystem Management and Structure-Function Inter Action in Drylands -- 3.5 Mechanism for Regime Shifts in Dryland SESs -- 3.5.1 Overview of the Regime Shift and Its Impact on SESs -- 3.5.2 Approach and Indicators for Early Warning of Regime Shifts -- 3.5.3 Prediction Models in Sustainable SESs -- 3.6 Summary and Perspectives -- References -- 4 Dryland Ecosystem Services and Human Wellbeing in a Changing Environment and Society -- 4.1 Background and Significance of the Theme -- 4.2 Quantifying Dryland ESs in the Changing Environment -- 4.2.1 Biophysical Modeling of ESs at Multiple Scales -- 4.2.2 ES Valuation: More Than Monetary Value -- 4.2.3 Drivers and Scenarios -- 4.3 Interactions Among ESs -- 4.3.1 ES Trade-Offs -- 4.3.2 ES Demand and ES Flow -- 4.4 Contributions of ESs to HWB -- 4.4.1 Mediating Factors from ESs to HWB -- 4.4.2 Quantifying the ES-HWB Relations -- 4.5 Landscape Optimization for ESs -- 4.5.1 Spatial Resilience -- 4.5.2 Landscape Optimization -- 4.6 Ecological Compensation and Payment for ESs -- 4.7 Summary -- References -- 5 Ecosystem Management and Sustainable Livelihoods in Drylands -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 Research Background -- 5.1.2 Research Progress -- 5.1.3 Challenges to Livelihoods in Drylands -- 5.2 Building Adaptability and Livelihood Resilience -- 5.2.1 Ecological Capacity of Livelihood in Drylands -- 5.2.2 Impact of Climate Change on Dryland Livelihoods -- 5.2.3 Strategies to Enhance Livelihood Capital -- 5.3 Ecosystem Management and Sustainable Livelihoods -- 5.3.1 Evaluation and Priorities for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals -- 5.3.2 Principle of Ecosystem Management -- 5.3.3 Case Studies and Pathway Exploration -- 5.4 Summary and Perspectives -- References -- Part II Dryland SESs in Different Regions. 6 Socioeconomic and Environmental Changes in Global Drylands -- 6.1 Changes of the Socioeconomic System in Drylands -- 6.1.1 Human Population and Its Regional Variation -- 6.1.2 Net-Migration in Dryland Regions -- 6.1.3 Projected Population Growth -- 6.1.4 Economic Development in Drylands -- 6.2 Changes in Dryland Ecosystems -- 6.2.1 Vegetation Greenness -- 6.2.2 Land Cover Change -- 6.3 Changes in Ecosystem Functions in Drylands -- 6.3.1 Ecosystem Productivity -- 6.3.2 Carbon Sink -- 6.3.3 Carbon-Water Coupling -- 6.4 Changes in Hydrological Regimes -- 6.5 Vulnerability of Dryland Ecosystem and Human -- 6.5.1 Resistance and Resilience of Dryland Ecosystems -- 6.5.2 Water Scarcity of the Dryland Socio-economic System -- References -- 7 Dryland Social-Ecological Systems in Central Asia -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Major Characteristics of Dryland SESs in Central Asia -- 7.2.1 Distribution of Drylands in Central Asia -- 7.2.2 Climate, Soils, Land Use/Land Cover, and Water Resources in Central Asia -- 7.2.3 Ecosystem Structure and Functions -- 7.2.4 Dryland SES Development in Central Asia -- 7.3 Changes of Drylands in Central Asia -- 7.3.1 Land Use/Land Cover Change -- 7.3.2 Land Degradation and Desertification -- 7.3.3 Dynamics of Ecosystem Structure and Functions -- 7.3.4 Changes in Ecosystem Service Values and Human Well-Being -- 7.4 Driving Forces of Dryland Changes -- 7.4.1 Climate Change and Extreme Events -- 7.4.2 Anthropogenic Activities -- 7.4.3 Interactions Among Different Drivers -- 7.5 Ecosystem Management of Central Asia -- 7.5.1 Ecosystem Networks in Central Asia -- 7.5.2 Aral Sea Crisis -- 7.5.3 Response Measures to Aral Sea Crisis -- 7.5.4 Conservation and Effective Practices of Drylands in Central Asia -- 7.6 Summary and Perspectives -- References -- 8 Dryland Dynamics in the Mediterranean Region -- 8.1 Background. 8.2 Major Characteristics of Drylands in the Region -- 8.2.1 Climate and Distribution of Drylands -- 8.2.2 Land Cover and Land Use -- 8.2.3 Land Degradation and Its Signal -- 8.2.4 Shrub Encroachment -- 8.2.5 Loss of Biological Soil Crust -- 8.2.6 Social and Economic Development -- 8.3 Change in Drylands in the Region -- 8.3.1 Climate Change -- 8.3.2 NPP Change Trends -- 8.3.3 Land Cover and Vegetation Changes -- 8.3.4 Crop Structure and Food Production Per Capita Change -- 8.3.5 Water Resource Analysis -- 8.4 Driving Forces of Dryland Change -- 8.4.1 Climate Change -- 8.4.2 Anthropogenic Drivers -- 8.5 Summary and Perspectives -- References -- 9 Dryland Social-Ecological Systems in Africa -- 9.1 Drylands and Socio-ecological Systems in Africa -- 9.2 Major Characteristics of Drylands and DSESs in Africa -- 9.2.1 African Dryland Distribution -- 9.2.2 Climate, Soil, Land Uses, and Land Degradation -- 9.2.3 Water Resources -- 9.2.4 Understanding Dryland Biodiversity as a Basis for Ecosystem Services in Africa -- 9.2.5 Socio-economic Development Indicators -- 9.3 Changing Aspects of African Drylands -- 9.3.1 Dryland Dynamics in the Past Decades -- 9.3.2 Structure and Functions -- 9.3.3 Ecosystem Services, Human Well-Being, and Resilience -- 9.3.4 Livelihoods and Food Security of Local Communities -- 9.3.5 Dryland Conservation and Effective Practices -- 9.3.6 Dryland Nature-Based Solutions (NbS) for Sustainable Management -- 9.4 Driving Forces of Dryland Change -- 9.4.1 Climate Change and Extreme Events -- 9.4.2 Anthropogenic Activities -- 9.4.3 Wildfires -- 9.4.4 Resource Conflicts in African Arid and Semi-arid Areas -- 9.4.5 Interactions Among Different Drivers -- 9.4.6 Research and Technology Gaps in African Arid Ecology -- 9.5 Summary and Perspectives -- References -- 10 Dryland Social-Ecological Systems in Americas -- 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Major Characteristics of Drylands in the Region -- 10.2.1 Dryland Distribution -- 10.2.2 Dryland Ecology and Biogeographical Characters -- 10.2.3 Disturbance and Degradation -- 10.2.4 Dryland Livelihoods -- 10.2.5 The Economy of the Drylands in Americas -- 10.3 Change and Driving Factor of Drylands in Americas -- 10.3.1 Dryland Climate Trends -- 10.3.2 Land Cover Change and the Driving Force -- 10.3.3 Vegetation Structure/Function Changes and the Driving Factor -- 10.3.4 Carbon Dynamic and Nitrogen Dynamics -- 10.4 Managing Drylands in Americas: Challenges and Opportunities -- 10.4.1 Major Issues in Managing Drylands in Americas -- 10.4.2 Sustainable Managing Drylands: Conservation Agriculture, Husbandry, and National Park System -- References -- 11 Dryland Social-Ecological Systems in Australia -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Major Characteristics of Dryland Social-Ecological Systems in Australia -- 11.2.1 Climate Conditions -- 11.2.2 Soil and Topography -- 11.2.3 Land Use/Cover in Dryland Regions in Australia -- 11.2.4 Socioeconomic Factors -- 11.3 Changes in Ecosystem Structures -- 11.4 Changes in Ecosystem Services -- 11.5 Driving Forces of Change in Dryland Social-Ecological Systems in Australia -- 11.5.1 Climate Trend -- 11.5.2 Changes in Extreme Climate Events -- 11.5.3 Dynamics of Fire Disturbance -- 11.5.4 Ecosystem Management -- 11.5.5 Social and Economic Development -- 11.6 Summary and Conclusion -- References -- 12 Structure and Functioning of China's Dryland Ecosystems in a Changing Environment -- 12.1 Background -- 12.2 Major Characteristics of Drylands in China -- 12.2.1 Distribution and Landforms -- 12.2.2 Climate, Soil, Land Uses, and Land Degradation -- 12.2.3 Social and Economic Development -- 12.3 Changes to Drylands in China -- 12.3.1 Structure and Functions -- 12.3.2 Ecosystem Services -- 12.4 Driving Forces of Dryland Change. 12.4.1 Climate Change.
9789819993758
Electronic books.
GB3-5030