Intro -- Research Methods in Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics: A Practical Guide -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- 1 Linguistics, Phonetics, and Speech-Language Pathology: Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics -- 1.1 A Brief Historical Overview of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics -- 1.2 The Role of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics in Speech-Language Pathology -- 1.3 Research Philosophies, and the Rest of this Book -- 2 Research Ethics -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Basic Concepts -- 2.3 Planning for Ethical Research -- 2.3.1 Rationale and Methodologies -- 2.3.2 Informed Consent -- 2.3.3 Ethics Review Procedures -- 2.4 Conducting Research Ethically -- 2.4.1 Data Collection and Analysis -- 2.4.2 Management Issues -- 2.5 Disseminating Results Ethically -- 2.5.1 Manuscript Preparation -- 2.5.2 The Peer-Review Process -- 2.6 Emerging Trends -- 2.7 Conclusion -- 2.8 Resources -- 2.8.1 Further Reading -- 3 Experimental and Quasi-experimental Research in Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Research Design -- 3.2.1 Concerns in Experimental Design: Reliability and Validity -- 3.2.2 Choosing Appropriate Experimental Design -- 3.2.3 Subject Selection, Data Collection, and Data Interpretation -- 3.3 General Discussion -- 3.4 Resources -- 4 The Investigation of Speech Production: Experimental and Quasi-experimental Approaches -- 4.1 Overview of Speech Difficulties: Theoretical Underpinnings -- 4.2 Data Collection Considerations -- 4.2.1 Participants -- 4.2.2 Speech Elicitation -- 4.3 Perceptual Evaluation Methods -- 4.4 Technology and Speech Production Studies -- 4.4.1 Acoustic Analysis -- 4.4.2 Articulatory Records -- 4.5 Beyond Speech -- 4.5.1 Comprehensibility -- 4.5.2 Qualitative Research -- 4.5.3 Triangulation of Data -- 4.6 Conclusion -- 4.7 Resources.

5 Investigating Disordered Language: Experimental and Quasi-experimental Approaches -- 5.1 Overview of Territory -- 5.2 Focusing the Research Question -- 5.2.1 Focusing the Question via Attention to an Agenda -- 5.2.2 Focusing the Question via Pilot Experimental Studies -- 5.2.3 Focusing the Question via Preliminary Use of Microgenetic Research Methods -- 5.3 Overview of Language Disorders: Theoretical Underpinnings and the Nature of Data -- 5.3.1 Relationship between Demand of Experimental Control and Language Construct -- 5.3.2 Behaviorism and Applied Behavior Analysis -- 5.3.3 Structuralism and Generative Theories -- 5.3.4 Constructivism -- 5.3.5 Emergent Theory, Neuroconstructivist Theory, Neoconstructivism -- 5.4 Experimental (and Quasi-experimental) Methods: Examples of Contributions to Nosology -- 5.4.1 Specific Language Impairment -- 5.4.2 Pragmatic Impairment -- 5.5 Experimental Research and Language Intervention -- 5.5.1 Dealing with Independent Variables: Treatment Fidelity/Integrity -- 5.5.2 Administering a Protocol: The People and Their Actions -- 5.5.3 Identifying the Active Ingredients -- 5.6 Data Collection Considerations -- 5.6.1 Participants and Groupings -- 5.6.2 Age Appropriateness in Experiments with Children -- 5.6.3 Cultural and Language Appropriateness of Tasks for Participants -- 5.6.4 Issues of "Matching" Participants -- 5.6.5 Recording -- 5.6.6 Tasks and Stimuli -- 5.6.7 Experimental Contexts and Settings -- 5.6.8 Data Set -- 5.7 Microgenetic Research: An Underused Research Tool -- 5.8 Conclusion -- 5.9 Resources -- 5.9.1 General Research -- 5.9.2 Treatment Fidelity Resources -- 5.9.3 Microgenetic Research Resources -- 6 Qualitative Research in Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics -- 6.1 Definitions -- 6.2 Traditions of Inquiry -- 6.3 Case-Based Research and Qualitative Case Studies.

6.3.1 Categories of Qualitative Case Studies -- 6.4 Preparing the Ground: Finding a Question, Preparing a Study, and Finding Participants -- 6.4.1 Identifying a Problem and Situating a Study Methodologically -- 6.4.2 Sampling, and Getting Access to Sites and Participants -- 6.5 Data Types and Data Sources: A Brief Selection -- 6.5.1 Field Notes and Participant Observation -- 6.5.2 Interviews -- 6.5.3 Conversations -- 6.5.4 Multiple Data Sources -- 6.6 Working with Data: Analysis and Interpretation -- 6.7 Conclusion and Outlook -- 6.8 Resources -- 7 An Ethnographic Approach to Assessing Communication Success in Interactions Involving Adults with Developmental Delay -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.1.1 What Is Ethnography? -- 7.2 Culture and Context: Situating Interactions -- 7.3 The Role of Ethnography in Investigating Speech and Language Disorders -- 7.3.1 Participant Observation and the Role of Immersion -- 7.4 Ethnography of Communication -- 7.4.1 Speech Situations, Events, and Acts -- 7.4.2 EC: Creating a Typology -- 7.5 Applying the Typology -- 7.5.1 EC and the Research Interview -- 7.5.2 EC and Adult Daycare Interactions -- 7.6 Summary and Conclusion -- 7.7 Recommended Reading and Resources -- 7.7.1 Listservs and Online Sources -- 8 Conversation Analysis Applied to Disordered Speech and Language -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Development and Principles -- 8.2.1 Approaching Analysis -- 8.2.2 CA and Language -- 8.3 Organizing Talk-in-Interaction -- 8.3.1 Turn-Taking -- 8.3.2 Sequence Organization -- 8.3.3 Repair -- 8.4 Communication Disorders and CA -- 8.4.1 Turn Construction -- 8.4.2 Sequence Organization -- 8.4.3 Repair -- 8.4.4 Co-Construction and Multimodality -- 8.5 Motivations and Future Research -- 8.6 Resources -- 8.6.1 Textbooks -- 8.6.2 Further Reading -- 8.6.3 Useful Websites -- 9 Clinical Sociolinguistics -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Basic Concepts.

9.2.1 Speech Community -- 9.2.2 Vernacular -- 9.2.3 Variables -- 9.3 Collecting Data -- 9.3.1 Sampling -- 9.3.2 Eliciting Different Styles of Speech -- 9.3.3 Milroy's Social Network Approach -- 9.4 Data Analysis -- 9.4.1 Correlational Analysis -- 9.4.2 Variable Rules -- 9.5 Clinical Sociolinguistics -- 9.5.1 Applying Sociolinguistics to the Clinic -- 9.5.2 Sociolinguistics of Sign Language -- 9.5.3 Stylistic Variation in Clinical Data -- 9.6 Resources -- 10 The Recording of Audio and Video Data -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Audio and Video Data: Purpose and Method -- 10.3 Audio Recording -- 10.3.1 Digital Audio Signals -- 10.3.2 Recording Device -- 10.3.3 Microphones -- 10.3.4 Audio Playback -- 10.4 Video Recording -- 10.4.1 Video Data in Interactional Studies -- 10.4.2 Video data in Other Areas of Clinical Linguistics -- 10.4.3 Video Recording Considerations -- 10.5 Data Storage and Protection -- 10.5.1 Audio File Formats -- 10.5.2 Data Security and Archiving -- 10.6 Conclusion -- 11 Data Processing: Transcriptional and Impressionistic Methods -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Transcribing Speech -- 11.2.1 Principles of Phonetic Transcription -- 11.2.2 Examples of Phonetic and Multilayered Transcription -- 11.3 Transcribing Linguistic Interaction -- 11.3.1 Conventions Used in Transcribing Conversation -- 11.3.2 Example of a Conversational Transcript -- 11.4 Conclusion and Outlook: Why do We Transcribe, and What is a Transcript? -- 11.5 Resources -- 11.5.1 Further Reading -- 11.5.2 Details of the IA and extIPA -- Appendices -- Appendix 11.A IPA Chart -- Appendix 11.B extIPA Chart -- Appendix 11.C VoQS Chart -- 12 Data Processing: Digital Analysis of Speech Audio Signals -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Representations -- 12.2.1 Speech Signals -- 12.2.2 Transcriptions -- 12.2.3 Parameters -- 12.3 Analysis -- 12.3.1 Measures of Speech Level.

12.3.2 Measures of Duration and Rhythm -- 12.3.3 Measures of Phonation Quality -- 12.3.4 Measures of Segmental Quality -- 12.4 Modeling -- 12.4.1 Modeling of Segments -- 12.4.2 Modeling of F0 Contours -- 12.5 Resources -- 12.5.1 Corpus Preparation Tools -- 12.5.2 Speech Analysis Tools -- 12.5.3 Speech Toolkits -- 13 Data Processing: Imaging of Speech Data -- 13.1 The Background to Speech Imaging -- 13.2 What is Speech Imaging? Parameters for Analysis -- 13.3 Neuroimagery: Charting Brain Activity in Speech Production -- 13.4 Imaging the Lower Vocal Tract -- 13.5 Larynx Imaging -- 13.6 Imaging Nasal and Oral Airflow -- 13.7 Imaging the Tongue -- 13.7.1 Palatography -- 13.7.2 Lingual Kinematics: EMA and Ultrasound -- 13.8 Multipurpose Analysis: The Visi-Pitch -- 13.9 Conclusion -- 13.10 Resources -- 14 Data Analysis and Interpretation: Statistical Methods -- 14.1 Doing Statistics: Probability, Hypothesis Testing, Type I Error, Type II Error -- 14.2 Units of Statistical Analysis: Variables -- 14.3 Descriptive Statistics -- 14.4 Skewed Distributions, Outliers, and Data Trimming -- 14.5 Parametric and Non-parametric Statistics -- 14.6 "Doing Stats": Available Software -- 14.7 Conclusion -- 15 AphasiaBank: Data and Methods -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 AphasiaBank -- 15.3 Goals -- 15.4 Protocol Standardization -- 15.5 Transcribing -- 15.6 Error Coding -- 15.7 Analyses -- 15.7.1 CLAN -- 15.7.2 Extensible Markup Language (XML) -- 15.7.3 GEM -- 15.7.4 Lexical and Morphological Coding -- 15.7.5 Lexical Diversity Analysis -- 15.7.6 MORtable -- 15.7.7 Lexical Frequency Analysis -- 15.7.8 COMBO -- 15.7.9 Error Analysis -- 15.8 Syndrome Classification -- 15.9 Content Analysis -- 15.10 Profiles of Recovery Processes -- 15.11 Conclusion -- 16 Disseminating Research: Reading, Writing, and Publishing -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Finding and Reading Literature.

16.2.1 Finding Literature.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2022. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.