Cover -- Half-title -- Series information -- Title page -- Copyright information -- Table of contents -- Preface and acknowledgements -- Abbreviations and acronyms -- Introduction -- 1 Paris and �Ile-de-France -- Population, society and economy of �Ile-de-France today -- The politicoinstitutional organization of �Ile-de-France -- Economic players -- The neocorporatist system -- Major business organizations -- Other economic players -- 2 Social, economic and spatial history of the �Ile-de-France metropolis -- Paris �Ile-de-France: the birth of a metropolitan region, 1800-1945 -- Demographic and suburban expansion -- Industrialization -- The first planning policies -- Paris, "City of Light" -- Paris �Ile-de-France: the birth of a global city region, 1945-2020 -- Social and demographic trends -- Dynamic demographics, especially in the suburbs -- Social polarization between the west and east of the region -- Anticipation and support policies: regional planning, housing and transport -the era of big public investment -- Economic trends: industrialization, deindustrialization and tertiarization -- From industrialization to deindustrialization -- Economic development: the ambivalent policies of the state -- 3 Political history of �Ile-de-France, 1789-2001 -- The domination of the state, 1789-1871 -- Political and administrative organization of �Ile-de-France under the Revolution -- Establishment of a centralized system: from the First to the Second Empire -- Towards a conflicting political system, 1871-1977 -- State laissezfaire and the emergence of the red suburbs, 1871-1945 -- Relations between Paris and its suburbs: conflicts and cooperation -- Birth of the red suburbs -- Strong state intervention and the building of political bastions, 1945-77 -- State management of the region: ambiguous objectives.

Changing political forces: reinforcement or creation of bastions -- A territorial reorganization marked by hidden political agendas -- Towards an unregulated political decentralization, 1977-2001 -- France begins to decentralize -- A persistently strong state presence -- Exacerbation of political conflicts, 1977-2001 -- Decline of the red suburbs -- Construction and reinforcement of strongholds by the right -- Return of the left: the region and Paris -- 4 The economy of �Ile-de-France: from national capital to global metropolis -- From deindustrialization to internationalization: the birth of a global city region -- From deindustrialization to tertiarization -- The birth of a global city region -- The specificities of the �Ile-de-France economy -- A national capital with an original model of economic development -- The national economic capital -- The �IledeF rance economic model -- Specificities of the �Ile-de-France economy -- Public economy -- Significant industrial sector -- Weak financial sector -- �Ile-de-France's strong economic sectors -- Small foreign population -- 5 Problems and challenges -- The main problems that �Ile-de-France faces: inventory -- Housing: a matter of concern -- Travel and mobility: congestion on the networks and deteriorating transport conditions -- The environment: contrasting conditions -- The rise of socioterritorial inequalities -- Economic attractiveness -- �Ile-de-France's problems in terms of the perception of the issues -- �Ile-de-France's problems in terms of competitiveness and attractiveness -- �Ile-de-France's problems in terms of social and territorial inequalities -- 6 The policies -- Policies to combat social and territorial inequalities -- "Comprehensive" policies: policy for cities, financial redistribution and territorial contracts -- Reducing inequalities with housing policies.

Competitiveness and attractiveness policies -- National and regional policies: clusters, regional strategies and tourism -- Targeted policies: La D�efense, Saclay and the airports -- Environmental policies -- The environmental dimension of planning policies -- Multiple and fragmented actions without real coordination -- Emergency response: housing and mobility policies -- 7 A blocked system of governance -- A system of governance with growing potential for conflict -- Unregulated decentralization -- Resolving conflicts by electoral battle rather than by negotiation -- Issues that crystallize conflicts, block versus block -- The impossibility of territorial leadership: abortive attempts -- Paris's try: from Metropolitan Conference to Paris M�etropole -- Government: mobilizing around the "world city" -- The region's incapacity to play a unifying role: aspirations without resources -- Impossible and pointless institutional reform -- Institutional proposals -- The question of the "dense zone" and the creation of the Greater Paris metropolis -- Local authorities against central government: dismantling the MAPTAM Act -- An institutional imbroglio that solves nothing, 2015-20 -- Conclusion -- References -- List of illustrations -- Index.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2022. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.