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Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician.

By: Bonanthaya, Krishnamurthy.
Contributor(s): Panneerselvam, Elavenil | Manuel, Suvy | Kumar, Vinay V | Rai, Anshul.
Material type: materialTypeLabelBookPublisher: Singapore : Springer, 2021Copyright date: �2021Edition: 1st ed.Description: 1 online resource (1965 pages).Content type: text Media type: computer Carrier type: online resourceISBN: 9789811513466.Genre/Form: Electronic books.DDC classification: 617.52059 Online resources: Click to View
Contents:
Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- List of Videos -- Chapter Contributors and Video Contributors -- Contributors -- Video Contributors -- About the Editors -- Part I: Introduction -- 1: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in India: How Did We Get Here and Where Are We Going? -- 1.1 History of Our Missions and Our Challenges -- 1.2 Expertise, Familiarity, and Competence -- 1.3 Predicting the Future -- References -- Part II: Preoperative Assessment and Patient Preparation/Optimization -- 2: Preoperative Evaluation and Investigations for Maxillofacial Surgery -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Preoperative Evaluation -- 2.3 Laboratory Investigations -- 2.4 Preanesthetic Evaluation -- 2.5 Aspects of Evaluation Unique to Anesthesia -- 2.6 Assessment of the Pediatric Patient -- 2.7 Assessment of the Elderly Patient -- 2.8 Specialist Consultation and Work-up -- 2.9 The Process of Risk Assessment -- 2.10 Risk Reduction Strategies -- 2.10.1 Premedication [4] -- 2.10.2 Fasting Guidelines -- 2.10.3 Perioperative Beta-Blocker Therapy -- 2.10.4 PONV Prophylaxis [47] -- 2.10.5 Plan for Postoperative Analgesia [51] -- 2.11 Preoperative Decision Making and Obtaining Informed Consent: The Team Concept [53] -- 2.12 Conclusion -- References -- 3: Management of Medical Comorbidities in Maxillofacial Surgery -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Changing Demographics in India -- 3.3 Lifestyle Changes in India -- 3.4 The Changing Face of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery -- 3.4.1 Medical History and India -- 3.5 Cardiovascular System -- 3.5.1 Hypertension -- 3.5.1.1 Minor Oral Surgery -- 3.5.1.2 Major Maxillofacial Surgery -- 3.5.1.3 Vasoconstrictors and Hypertension -- 3.5.2 Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) -- 3.5.2.1 Minor Oral Surgery -- 3.5.2.2 Major Surgery -- 3.5.3 Postintervention Cardiac Patients.
3.5.3.1 Percutaneous Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) and Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) and Valve Replacement Procedures -- 3.5.4 Conventional Antiplatelets, Anticoagulants, and Novel Oral Anticoagulants (NOAC) -- 3.5.4.1 Minor Dentoalveolar Surgery: Antiplatelets -- 3.5.4.2 Maxillofacial Surgery -- 3.5.4.3 Bridging with Heparin -- 3.5.4.4 Anticoagulants and Oral/Maxillofacial Surgery -- 3.5.4.5 Minor Oral Surgery -- 3.5.4.6 Major Maxillofacial Surgery -- 3.5.5 Infective Endocarditis Prophylaxis -- 3.5.6 Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators (ICD) -- 3.5.6.1 Implications -- 3.6 Impact of Central Nervous System Disorders in Maxillofacial Surgery -- 3.6.1 Epilepsy -- 3.6.1.1 Basic considerations -- 3.6.1.2 Outpatient maxillofacial considerations -- 3.6.1.3 Major Surgical Considerations -- 3.6.1.4 Precautions, complications, &amp -- management -- 3.6.1.5 Management of an acute episode on the dental chair -- 3.6.2 Stroke -- 3.6.2.1 Basic Considerations -- 3.6.2.2 Maxillofacial considerations -- 3.6.2.3 Precautions -- 3.7 Impact of Psychiatric Disorders in Maxillofacial Surgery -- 3.7.1 Maxillofacial Considerations -- 3.8 Dental and Maxillofacial Implications in Liver Disease -- 3.8.1 Introduction -- 3.8.1.1 The Function of the Liver [36] -- 3.8.2 Classification of Liver Dysfunctions [35] -- 3.8.2.1 Viral Hepatitis -- 3.8.2.2 Autoimmune Hepatitis -- 3.8.2.3 Fulminant Hepatitis -- 3.8.2.4 Cirrhosis -- 3.8.2.5 Hepatocellular Carcinoma -- 3.8.2.6 Alcoholic Liver Disease -- 3.8.3 Oral Manifestations of Liver Disease -- 3.8.4 Implications of Liver Disease -- 3.8.4.1 Liver Disease and Maxillofacial Surgery -- 3.9 Maxillofacial Implications in GI Disorders -- 3.9.1 Perioperative Maxillofacial Implications -- 3.9.1.1 GERD -- 3.9.1.2 Peptic Ulcers -- 3.9.1.3 Ulcerative Colitis -- 3.10 Pregnancy -- 3.10.1 Physiologic Changes.
3.10.2 Treatment Protocol -- 3.10.2.1 Minor Surgery -- 3.10.2.2 Dental Radiology -- 3.10.2.3 Major Surgery -- 3.10.3 Drug Usage in Pregnancy -- 3.11 Endocrine Disorders -- 3.11.1 Diabetes -- 3.11.1.1 Management of Patients Undergoing Procedures -- 3.11.1.2 Preoperative Glycemic Control in patients on Oral Hypoglycemic Agents -- 3.11.1.2.1 Minor surgery -- 3.11.1.2.2 Major surgery -- 3.11.1.3 Preoperative Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetics on Insulin -- 3.11.1.4 Preoperative Glycemic Control in Type 1 Diabetics on Insulin -- 3.11.1.4.1 Minor surgery: -- 3.11.1.4.2 Major surgery: -- 3.11.1.4.3 Intraoperative glycemic control: -- 3.11.1.4.4 Postoperative glycemic control: -- 3.11.2 Hypo/Hyperthyroidism -- 3.11.2.1 Hypothyroidism -- 3.11.2.1.1 Physiologic Challenges -- 3.11.2.1.2 Management -- 3.11.2.2 Hyperthyroidism -- 3.11.3 Adrenal Gland Disorders -- 3.11.3.1 Primary Adrenocortical Hypofunction -- 3.11.3.2 Secondary Adrenocortical Insufficiency -- 3.11.4 Renal Disorders -- 3.11.4.1 Acute Renal Failure (ARF) -- 3.11.4.2 Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) -- 3.12 Patients with Non-head and Neck Malignancies -- 3.12.1 Introduction -- 3.12.2 Treatment Protocol -- 3.12.2.1 Chemotherapy -- 3.12.2.2 Radiotherapy -- 3.12.3 Prevention and Treatment of Osteonecrosis After Chemotherapy and Radiation -- References -- 4: Medical Emergencies in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgical Practice -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Acute Asthmatic Attack -- 4.2.1 Life-Threatening Acute Asthma -- 4.3 Acute Adrenal Insufficiency/Adrenal Crisis/Steroid Crisis/Addisonian Crisis -- 4.4 Airway Obstruction -- 4.5 Anaphylaxis -- 4.6 Chest Pain -- 4.6.1 Angina -- 4.6.2 Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack) -- 4.7 Cardiac Arrest -- 4.8 Hypoglycemia -- 4.9 Grand Mal Seizures -- 4.10 Syncope -- 4.11 Other Causes of Loss of Consciousness -- 4.12 Conclusion -- References.
Part III: Anesthesia for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery -- 5: Local Anesthesia in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 Historical Background -- 5.1.2 Definition -- 5.1.3 Ideal Characteristic of Local Anesthesia -- 5.2 Classification (Tables 5.1 and 5.2) -- 5.3 Local Anesthetic Agents -- 5.3.1 Lidocaine (Lignocaine) -- 5.3.2 Bupivacaine -- 5.3.3 Articaine -- 5.4 Vasoconstrictors -- 5.4.1 Dilution of Vasoconstrictor -- 5.5 Causes of Failure of LA -- 5.6 LA Toxicity and Antidote for Toxicity -- 5.6.1 Reversal of Cardiomyotoxicity -- 5.7 Reversal of Soft-Tissue Anesthesia -- 5.8 Plain Local Anesthetic (Without Epinephrine) -- 5.9 Topical Local Anesthetic Agent -- 5.10 Surface Anesthesia -- 5.11 Methods of Local Anesthetic Administration -- 5.11.1 Percentage of Blood Vessel Penetration During IANB -- 5.11.2 Controversy in the Use of Bilateral IANB and Lingual Nerve Block [17] -- 5.12 Techniques -- 5.12.1 Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block (Also Known as Mandibular Nerve Block) [Along with Lingual &amp -- Long Buccal Nerve Blocks] -- 5.12.2 Technique -- 5.12.3 Areas Anesthetized by This Block -- 5.12.4 Signs and Symptoms of Anesthesia -- 5.12.5 Complications (Table 5.6) -- 5.12.5.1 Failure to Obtain Anesthesia -- 5.12.5.2 Hematoma Formation -- 5.12.5.3 Transient Facial Nerve Palsy -- 5.12.5.4 Trismus -- 5.12.5.5 Accidental Breakage of the Needle -- 5.13 Vazirani-Akinosi (VA) Versus Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block -- 5.13.1 Indications for VA [24] -- 5.13.2 Akinosi-Vazirani Technique (Closed-Mouth Technique) -- 5.13.3 Technique -- 5.14 Mental/Incisive Nerve Block -- 5.14.1 Technique -- 5.14.2 Areas Anesthetized -- 5.14.3 Signs and Symptoms -- 5.15 Nerve Blocks in the Maxilla -- 5.15.1 Posterior Superior Alveolar Nerve Block Technique -- 5.15.1.1 Areas Anesthetized -- 5.15.1.2 Signs and Symptoms.
5.15.2 Infraorbital Nerve Block [Also Anterior and Middle Superior Nerve Blocks] -- 5.15.2.1 Technique -- 5.15.2.2 Areas Anesthetized -- 5.15.2.3 Signs and Symptoms of Anesthesia -- 5.15.3 Palatal Anesthesia -- 5.15.3.1 Greater Palatine Nerve Block -- 5.15.3.2 Nasopalatine Nerve Block -- 5.16 Regional Blocks in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery -- 5.16.1 Maxillary Nerve Block -- 5.16.2 Mandibular Nerve Block -- 5.16.3 Greater Auricular Nerve Block -- 5.16.4 Glossopharyngeal Nerve Block -- 5.16.5 Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block -- 5.17 Recent Advances in Local Anesthesia -- 5.17.1 Vibrotactile Devices -- 5.17.1.1 Vibraject [38] -- 5.17.1.2 Dental Vibe [39] -- 5.17.1.3 Accupal -- 5.17.2 C-CLAD (Computer-Controlled Local Anesthetic Delivery) -- 5.17.3 Compu-Flo -- 5.17.4 STA-single tooth anesthesia -- 5.17.5 Jet Injection -- 5.17.6 MED-JET H III -- 5.17.7 Safety Dental Syringes [43] -- 5.17.8 Devices for Intraosseous Anesthesia [44] -- 5.18 Conclusion -- References -- 6: Office-Based Anesthesia in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery-The American Model and Training -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Brief History of Anesthesia in OMS -- 6.3 The Anesthesia Team -- 6.4 AAOMS Office Anesthesia Guidelines -- 6.5 Office Requirements -- 6.6 Record Keeping -- 6.7 Office Anesthesia Evaluation Program and Parameters of Care -- 6.8 AAOMS National Simulation Program -- 6.9 Dental Anesthesia Assistant National Certification Examination (DAANCE) -- 6.10 Anesthesia Training during OMS Residency -- 6.11 Preanesthetic Evaluation of the Patient -- 6.12 Monitoring -- 6.12.1 Methods for Monitoring Ventilation -- 6.13 Airway Armamentarium -- 6.14 Oxygen and Supplemental Gas Delivery System -- 6.15 Suction Equipment -- 6.16 Recovery Room -- 6.17 Techniques in Anesthesia -- 6.17.1 Enteral Anesthesia.
6.17.2 Parenteral Anesthesia: Intravenous Anesthesia and Inhalational Anesthesia.
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Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- List of Videos -- Chapter Contributors and Video Contributors -- Contributors -- Video Contributors -- About the Editors -- Part I: Introduction -- 1: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in India: How Did We Get Here and Where Are We Going? -- 1.1 History of Our Missions and Our Challenges -- 1.2 Expertise, Familiarity, and Competence -- 1.3 Predicting the Future -- References -- Part II: Preoperative Assessment and Patient Preparation/Optimization -- 2: Preoperative Evaluation and Investigations for Maxillofacial Surgery -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Preoperative Evaluation -- 2.3 Laboratory Investigations -- 2.4 Preanesthetic Evaluation -- 2.5 Aspects of Evaluation Unique to Anesthesia -- 2.6 Assessment of the Pediatric Patient -- 2.7 Assessment of the Elderly Patient -- 2.8 Specialist Consultation and Work-up -- 2.9 The Process of Risk Assessment -- 2.10 Risk Reduction Strategies -- 2.10.1 Premedication [4] -- 2.10.2 Fasting Guidelines -- 2.10.3 Perioperative Beta-Blocker Therapy -- 2.10.4 PONV Prophylaxis [47] -- 2.10.5 Plan for Postoperative Analgesia [51] -- 2.11 Preoperative Decision Making and Obtaining Informed Consent: The Team Concept [53] -- 2.12 Conclusion -- References -- 3: Management of Medical Comorbidities in Maxillofacial Surgery -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Changing Demographics in India -- 3.3 Lifestyle Changes in India -- 3.4 The Changing Face of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery -- 3.4.1 Medical History and India -- 3.5 Cardiovascular System -- 3.5.1 Hypertension -- 3.5.1.1 Minor Oral Surgery -- 3.5.1.2 Major Maxillofacial Surgery -- 3.5.1.3 Vasoconstrictors and Hypertension -- 3.5.2 Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) -- 3.5.2.1 Minor Oral Surgery -- 3.5.2.2 Major Surgery -- 3.5.3 Postintervention Cardiac Patients.

3.5.3.1 Percutaneous Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) and Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) and Valve Replacement Procedures -- 3.5.4 Conventional Antiplatelets, Anticoagulants, and Novel Oral Anticoagulants (NOAC) -- 3.5.4.1 Minor Dentoalveolar Surgery: Antiplatelets -- 3.5.4.2 Maxillofacial Surgery -- 3.5.4.3 Bridging with Heparin -- 3.5.4.4 Anticoagulants and Oral/Maxillofacial Surgery -- 3.5.4.5 Minor Oral Surgery -- 3.5.4.6 Major Maxillofacial Surgery -- 3.5.5 Infective Endocarditis Prophylaxis -- 3.5.6 Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators (ICD) -- 3.5.6.1 Implications -- 3.6 Impact of Central Nervous System Disorders in Maxillofacial Surgery -- 3.6.1 Epilepsy -- 3.6.1.1 Basic considerations -- 3.6.1.2 Outpatient maxillofacial considerations -- 3.6.1.3 Major Surgical Considerations -- 3.6.1.4 Precautions, complications, & -- management -- 3.6.1.5 Management of an acute episode on the dental chair -- 3.6.2 Stroke -- 3.6.2.1 Basic Considerations -- 3.6.2.2 Maxillofacial considerations -- 3.6.2.3 Precautions -- 3.7 Impact of Psychiatric Disorders in Maxillofacial Surgery -- 3.7.1 Maxillofacial Considerations -- 3.8 Dental and Maxillofacial Implications in Liver Disease -- 3.8.1 Introduction -- 3.8.1.1 The Function of the Liver [36] -- 3.8.2 Classification of Liver Dysfunctions [35] -- 3.8.2.1 Viral Hepatitis -- 3.8.2.2 Autoimmune Hepatitis -- 3.8.2.3 Fulminant Hepatitis -- 3.8.2.4 Cirrhosis -- 3.8.2.5 Hepatocellular Carcinoma -- 3.8.2.6 Alcoholic Liver Disease -- 3.8.3 Oral Manifestations of Liver Disease -- 3.8.4 Implications of Liver Disease -- 3.8.4.1 Liver Disease and Maxillofacial Surgery -- 3.9 Maxillofacial Implications in GI Disorders -- 3.9.1 Perioperative Maxillofacial Implications -- 3.9.1.1 GERD -- 3.9.1.2 Peptic Ulcers -- 3.9.1.3 Ulcerative Colitis -- 3.10 Pregnancy -- 3.10.1 Physiologic Changes.

3.10.2 Treatment Protocol -- 3.10.2.1 Minor Surgery -- 3.10.2.2 Dental Radiology -- 3.10.2.3 Major Surgery -- 3.10.3 Drug Usage in Pregnancy -- 3.11 Endocrine Disorders -- 3.11.1 Diabetes -- 3.11.1.1 Management of Patients Undergoing Procedures -- 3.11.1.2 Preoperative Glycemic Control in patients on Oral Hypoglycemic Agents -- 3.11.1.2.1 Minor surgery -- 3.11.1.2.2 Major surgery -- 3.11.1.3 Preoperative Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetics on Insulin -- 3.11.1.4 Preoperative Glycemic Control in Type 1 Diabetics on Insulin -- 3.11.1.4.1 Minor surgery: -- 3.11.1.4.2 Major surgery: -- 3.11.1.4.3 Intraoperative glycemic control: -- 3.11.1.4.4 Postoperative glycemic control: -- 3.11.2 Hypo/Hyperthyroidism -- 3.11.2.1 Hypothyroidism -- 3.11.2.1.1 Physiologic Challenges -- 3.11.2.1.2 Management -- 3.11.2.2 Hyperthyroidism -- 3.11.3 Adrenal Gland Disorders -- 3.11.3.1 Primary Adrenocortical Hypofunction -- 3.11.3.2 Secondary Adrenocortical Insufficiency -- 3.11.4 Renal Disorders -- 3.11.4.1 Acute Renal Failure (ARF) -- 3.11.4.2 Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) -- 3.12 Patients with Non-head and Neck Malignancies -- 3.12.1 Introduction -- 3.12.2 Treatment Protocol -- 3.12.2.1 Chemotherapy -- 3.12.2.2 Radiotherapy -- 3.12.3 Prevention and Treatment of Osteonecrosis After Chemotherapy and Radiation -- References -- 4: Medical Emergencies in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgical Practice -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Acute Asthmatic Attack -- 4.2.1 Life-Threatening Acute Asthma -- 4.3 Acute Adrenal Insufficiency/Adrenal Crisis/Steroid Crisis/Addisonian Crisis -- 4.4 Airway Obstruction -- 4.5 Anaphylaxis -- 4.6 Chest Pain -- 4.6.1 Angina -- 4.6.2 Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack) -- 4.7 Cardiac Arrest -- 4.8 Hypoglycemia -- 4.9 Grand Mal Seizures -- 4.10 Syncope -- 4.11 Other Causes of Loss of Consciousness -- 4.12 Conclusion -- References.

Part III: Anesthesia for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery -- 5: Local Anesthesia in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 Historical Background -- 5.1.2 Definition -- 5.1.3 Ideal Characteristic of Local Anesthesia -- 5.2 Classification (Tables 5.1 and 5.2) -- 5.3 Local Anesthetic Agents -- 5.3.1 Lidocaine (Lignocaine) -- 5.3.2 Bupivacaine -- 5.3.3 Articaine -- 5.4 Vasoconstrictors -- 5.4.1 Dilution of Vasoconstrictor -- 5.5 Causes of Failure of LA -- 5.6 LA Toxicity and Antidote for Toxicity -- 5.6.1 Reversal of Cardiomyotoxicity -- 5.7 Reversal of Soft-Tissue Anesthesia -- 5.8 Plain Local Anesthetic (Without Epinephrine) -- 5.9 Topical Local Anesthetic Agent -- 5.10 Surface Anesthesia -- 5.11 Methods of Local Anesthetic Administration -- 5.11.1 Percentage of Blood Vessel Penetration During IANB -- 5.11.2 Controversy in the Use of Bilateral IANB and Lingual Nerve Block [17] -- 5.12 Techniques -- 5.12.1 Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block (Also Known as Mandibular Nerve Block) [Along with Lingual & -- Long Buccal Nerve Blocks] -- 5.12.2 Technique -- 5.12.3 Areas Anesthetized by This Block -- 5.12.4 Signs and Symptoms of Anesthesia -- 5.12.5 Complications (Table 5.6) -- 5.12.5.1 Failure to Obtain Anesthesia -- 5.12.5.2 Hematoma Formation -- 5.12.5.3 Transient Facial Nerve Palsy -- 5.12.5.4 Trismus -- 5.12.5.5 Accidental Breakage of the Needle -- 5.13 Vazirani-Akinosi (VA) Versus Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block -- 5.13.1 Indications for VA [24] -- 5.13.2 Akinosi-Vazirani Technique (Closed-Mouth Technique) -- 5.13.3 Technique -- 5.14 Mental/Incisive Nerve Block -- 5.14.1 Technique -- 5.14.2 Areas Anesthetized -- 5.14.3 Signs and Symptoms -- 5.15 Nerve Blocks in the Maxilla -- 5.15.1 Posterior Superior Alveolar Nerve Block Technique -- 5.15.1.1 Areas Anesthetized -- 5.15.1.2 Signs and Symptoms.

5.15.2 Infraorbital Nerve Block [Also Anterior and Middle Superior Nerve Blocks] -- 5.15.2.1 Technique -- 5.15.2.2 Areas Anesthetized -- 5.15.2.3 Signs and Symptoms of Anesthesia -- 5.15.3 Palatal Anesthesia -- 5.15.3.1 Greater Palatine Nerve Block -- 5.15.3.2 Nasopalatine Nerve Block -- 5.16 Regional Blocks in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery -- 5.16.1 Maxillary Nerve Block -- 5.16.2 Mandibular Nerve Block -- 5.16.3 Greater Auricular Nerve Block -- 5.16.4 Glossopharyngeal Nerve Block -- 5.16.5 Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block -- 5.17 Recent Advances in Local Anesthesia -- 5.17.1 Vibrotactile Devices -- 5.17.1.1 Vibraject [38] -- 5.17.1.2 Dental Vibe [39] -- 5.17.1.3 Accupal -- 5.17.2 C-CLAD (Computer-Controlled Local Anesthetic Delivery) -- 5.17.3 Compu-Flo -- 5.17.4 STA-single tooth anesthesia -- 5.17.5 Jet Injection -- 5.17.6 MED-JET H III -- 5.17.7 Safety Dental Syringes [43] -- 5.17.8 Devices for Intraosseous Anesthesia [44] -- 5.18 Conclusion -- References -- 6: Office-Based Anesthesia in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery-The American Model and Training -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Brief History of Anesthesia in OMS -- 6.3 The Anesthesia Team -- 6.4 AAOMS Office Anesthesia Guidelines -- 6.5 Office Requirements -- 6.6 Record Keeping -- 6.7 Office Anesthesia Evaluation Program and Parameters of Care -- 6.8 AAOMS National Simulation Program -- 6.9 Dental Anesthesia Assistant National Certification Examination (DAANCE) -- 6.10 Anesthesia Training during OMS Residency -- 6.11 Preanesthetic Evaluation of the Patient -- 6.12 Monitoring -- 6.12.1 Methods for Monitoring Ventilation -- 6.13 Airway Armamentarium -- 6.14 Oxygen and Supplemental Gas Delivery System -- 6.15 Suction Equipment -- 6.16 Recovery Room -- 6.17 Techniques in Anesthesia -- 6.17.1 Enteral Anesthesia.

6.17.2 Parenteral Anesthesia: Intravenous Anesthesia and Inhalational Anesthesia.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2023. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.

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