Intro -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Introduction: Understanding Migration Controls in Europe -- 1.1 From Models of Migration Control to Migration Control Regimes -- 1.2 The North-South Divide as the Undying European Cleavage -- 1.3 E Pluribus Unum: Bringing Like-Minded Scholars Together -- References -- Part I: Visa Policy and External Controls -- Chapter 2: External Controls: Policing Entries, Enforcing Exits -- 2.1 Introduction: Do External Control Policies "Converge"? -- 2.2 A Critique of the Implicit Conceptual Framing of Debates on Convergence -- 2.3 A Tale of Policy Convergence: Short-Term Visas as a Generalised System of Migration Control -- 2.3.1 Patterns of Short-Term Visas Issued by European States -- 2.4 Return and Removal Policies: Failed Convergence and the Inconsistency of the North-South Divide Argument -- 2.4.1 EU Return Policies: A North/South Divide? -- 2.5 Conclusions -- Appendix A Note on Data -- References -- Documents Cited -- Chapter 3: Practices of External Control: Is There a North-South Divide? -- 3.1 The Logics of External Control: From Schengen to Italy -- 3.2 The Practices of External Control: A View from EU Texts -- 3.3 The Blurring Boundaries of Control Practices -- 3.4 A Model of "Europeanization" from Below? -- 3.5 Conclusions -- References -- Part II: The Externalisation of Control -- Chapter 4: A "European" Externalisation Strategy? A Transnational Perspective on Aid, Border Regimes, and the EU Trust Fund for Africa in Morocco -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Theory: Transnational Governmentality, the Transnational Social Field, and Governing Through Aid -- 4.3 Governing Migration Through Aid in the Western Mediterranean -- 4.4 What the Implementation of the EUTF Tells About "Externalisation" -- 4.4.1 De-centring and Re-centring Morocco in the European Border Control Strategy.

4.4.2 Heterogeneous Strategies and the NGO-Isation of EU Member States -- 4.4.3 The EUTF and Morocco's Migration Diplomacy -- 4.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: The Genealogy of the External Dimension of the Spanish Immigration Regime: When a Bricolage National Policy Becomes a Driver of Europeanisation -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Top-Down Europeanisation: Spain's European Obligations and National Apathy -- 5.3 The Transition: Spain's Ascent to an Active Role in the Development of the External Dimension of the European Immigration Regime -- 5.4 Bottom-Up Europeanisation: Spain's Key Role in the Construction of the External Dimension of Immigration Policy -- 5.5 Spain: A Model for the External Dimension of Immigration Policies in Europe? -- 5.6 Conclusions: Reaping the Benefits? -- References -- Part III: Internal Controls -- Chapter 6: Challenges and Ambiguities of the Policies for Immigrants' Regularisation: The Portuguese Case in Context -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Regularisations in Portugal: In Search of a Policy -- 6.2.1 A Series of Policy Measures -- 6.2.2 The Changing Alignment of Interests: The Erosion of the Political Consensus Around Immigration? -- 6.3 The Portuguese Case in Perspective -- 6.4 Final Remarks -- References -- Chapter 7: Knowledge Production Through Regularisation and Ex-Post Regulation Strategies: Italy and Germany Compared -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 When the Exception Becomes the Rule: The Role of Regularisations in the Italian Migration Regime -- 7.3 The Path to "Real" Residence: Forms of Regularisation in the German Migration Regime -- 7.3.1 From the Suspension of Deportation to Residence Regularisation -- 7.3.2 Lights and Shadows of Ex-Post Regulation Tools in Germany -- 7.4 Conclusion: The Significance of Regularisations and Ex-Post Regulations Across Regimes -- References.

Chapter 8: Differently Similar: The Quest for Migration Control in the Netherlands and Spain -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 The Quest for Migration Control: Policies and Implementation -- 8.3 Internal Controls in Amsterdam and Madrid: A Case Study -- 8.3.1 Work Controls -- 8.3.2 Ad-hoc Identity and Documentation Controls -- 8.3.3 Housing and Healthcare Controls -- 8.4 Internal Migration Controls in the Netherlands and Spain: Differently Similar? -- References -- Part IV: Labour Migration Policy -- Chapter 9: "Selecting by Origin" Revisited: On the Particularistic Turn of German Labour Migration Policy -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Source-Country Particularism: Germany's Labour Migration Regime Before 2000 -- 9.2.1 The Pioneer of Labour Migration Policy in Post War-Germany: Guest Worker Recruitment 1955-1973 -- 9.2.2 Exceptions from the Ban After 1973: Migration by Ordinance and Bilateral Agreements in the 1990s -- 9.3 Triumph of Meritocracy: A Universalized Regime for the Twenty-First Century -- 9.3.1 First Steps of Farewell to a Labour Migration Policy Based on Countries of Origin: The German Green Card -- 9.3.2 Qualifications in the Centre: The Immigration Act of 2005 as Paradigm Shift -- 9.3.3 Implementing the Blue Card - And Much More Than That -- 9.3.4 The Culmination of Selecting by Qualifications: The Skilled Immigration Act -- 9.4 Back to the Sixties: The Return of a Policy of "Selecting by Country of Origin"? -- 9.4.1 Selecting by Origin in the Legal Framework: The Western Balkans Regulation -- 9.4.2 The Institutional Framework: Labour Demand, Migration Control and Development Cooperation as Drivers of Particularism -- 9.4.2.1 Triple-Win Programmes, Bilateral Agreements and Skilled Labour Bridges -- 9.4.2.2 Migration Advisory Centres -- 9.4.2.3 Recruiting Seasonal Workers.

9.5 Discussion and Conclusion: Blurring Boundaries and Unexpected Similarities Between Germany and Southern Europe -- References -- Chapter 10: The Admission of Foreign Workers to Italy: Closing the "Gap" with Northern Europe -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Northern European Labour Immigration Regimes -- 10.3 The Italian Labour Immigration Regime -- 10.3.1 Italian Labour Immigration Regime Mid 1990s - 2008 -- 10.3.1.1 Entry Mechanisms: Annual Quotas and Recruitment from Abroad -- 10.3.1.2 Regularisations -- 10.3.1.3 Mobile EU Citizens: Functional Equivalents of Non-EU Labour Immigrants -- 10.3.2 Italian Labour Immigration Regime 2008-2020 -- 10.3.2.1 Drivers of Policy Change: Economic and Humanitarian Crises and Alternative Sources of Labour -- 10.3.2.2 Quantitative and Qualitative Changes in Annual Quotas -- 10.3.2.3 Regularisations -- 10.3.2.4 The Facilitation of Highly Skilled Non-EU Labour Immigrants -- 10.4 Differences and Similarities Between the Italian and Northern European Regimes -- 10.4.1 Differences -- 10.4.1.1 Admission of Low and Medium Skilled Non-EU Migrant Workers -- 10.4.1.2 Inflexibility -- 10.4.1.3 Implementation Gaps -- 10.4.2 Similarities -- 10.4.2.1 Entry Mechanisms and Skills -- 10.4.2.2 Inflexibility and Implementation Gaps -- 10.4.2.3 Free Movement and Functional Equivalents to Non-EU Labour Migrants -- 10.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11: Seasonal Workers in Agriculture: The Cases of Spain and The Netherlands in Times of Covid-19 -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Migration Regimes in the Light of the Governance of MLS -- 11.3 Spain -- 11.3.1 Becoming an Immigration Country -- 11.3.2 Labour Migration Policies -- 11.3.3 Agricultural Seasonal Work: Past and Present -- 11.3.4 Working in Times of Covid-19 -- 11.4 The Netherlands -- 11.4.1 Three Origins of Immigration -- 11.4.2 Labour Immigration Policies.

11.4.3 Seasonal Work: Past and Present -- 11.4.4 Working in Times of Covid-19 -- 11.5 Conclusion -- References -- Part V: Intra-EU Mobility -- Chapter 12: Migration Policy and Welfare Chauvinism in the United Kingdom: European Divergence or Trend-Setting? -- 12.1 Introduction: The European Way to Brexit -- 12.2 Post-war Britain: Between Welfare Chauvinism and European Marketisation -- 12.3 Global Britain at the Heart of the European Regime -- 12.4 Austerity and the "Hostile Environment" -- 12.5 Brexit: Reconfiguring the Migration-Welfare Nexus -- 12.6 Conclusions: A Very British European Regime? -- References -- Chapter 13: Turning the Welfare-Migration Nexus Upside-Down: The Case of European Retirees in Spain -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Intra-EU Retirement Migration in Europe and in Spain: An Overview -- 13.2.1 The Healthcare "Scrounger" Stereotype -- 13.3 Cross-Border Healthcare Provision for EU Citizens -- 13.3.1 The European Framework -- 13.3.2 The Provision of Cross-Border Healthcare in Spain -- 13.4 Intra-EU Mobility: Between Welfare Restrictions and New Market Opportunities -- 13.5 Conclusion -- References -- Part VI: Asylum Policy -- Chapter 14: Welcome Culture and Bureaucratic Ambiguity: Germany's Complex Asylum Regime -- 14.1 Welcome Culture in the Crisis of 2015 and Afterwards -- 14.2 Quality Problems in the German Asylum Decision System -- 14.3 British and Italian Parallels and the Common Tension Between Asylum Principles and the Political Will to Reject Asylum Claims -- 14.4 The Policies of Backlog and Encampment -- 14.5 Best Practices in Europe and the Reluctance to Optimise -- 14.6 Conclusion: Administrative Ambiguity in an Integrative Asylum Regime -- 14.7 Postscript: The New Regime for Displaced Ukrainians - A Blueprint? -- References -- Chapter 15: Looking Into Policy Change: How the Italian Asylum Regime Came of Age.

15.1 Introduction.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2023. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.