Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Chapter 1: Introduction to the Section: Ageism-Concept and Origins -- 1.1 Ageism: Concept -- 1.2 Ageism: Aetiology -- 1.2.1 Micro-level Theories to Explain the Origins of Ageism -- 1.2.2 Meso-level Theories to Explain the Origins of Ageism -- 1.2.3 Macro-level Theories to Explain the Origins of Ageism -- 1.3 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2: Ageism: The Relationship between Age Stereotypes and Age Discrimination -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Ageist Behaviour and Perceived Age Discrimination: Different Sides of the Same Coin? -- 2.3 Age Stereotypes and Age Discrimination from the Actor's and the Perceiver's Perspective: Distinguishing Between Conceptual and Empirical Relations -- 2.4 Ageism from the Actor's Perspective: Age Stereotypes as Predictors of Age Discrimination -- 2.4.1 Review of Existing Evidence for Age Stereotypes as Predictors of Age Discriminatory Behaviours -- 2.4.2 Moderators of the Relation Between Age Stereotypes and Ageist Behaviour -- 2.5 Ageism from the Perceiver's Perspective: Individually Held Age Stereotypes as Predictors of Perceived Age Discrimination -- 2.5.1 Review of Existing Evidence for Age Stereotypes as Predictors of Perceived Age Discrimination -- 2.5.2 Mediators of the Relations Between Age Stereotypes and Perceived Age Discrimination -- 2.6 Interrelations Between the Perceiver's and the Actor's Perspectives -- 2.7 Conclusion and Implications -- References -- Chapter 3: Multiple Marginalizations Based on Age: Gendered Ageism and Beyond -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 From Ageism to Gendered Ageism and Multiple Marginalizations -- 3.3 The Perspective of Age as Doing -- 3.4 The Perspective of Age as a Power Relation -- 3.5 Gendered Ageism as Doing -- 3.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: Origins of Ageism at the Individual Level -- 4.1 Introduction.

4.1.1 A Rationale for Examining the Etiology of Ageism in Different Age Groups -- 4.2 Terror Management Theory -- 4.2.1 Social Groups and Stereotypes in Light of Terror Management Theory -- 4.2.2 Ageism Among Young and Middle-Aged Adults in Light of Terror Management Theory -- 4.2.2.1 The Threat of Death -- 4.2.2.2 The Threat of Animality -- 4.2.2.3 The Threat of Insignificance -- 4.2.3 Ageism Among Older Adults in Light of Terror Management Theory -- 4.3 Stereotype Embodiment Theory -- 4.4 Social Identity Theory -- 4.4.1 Ageism Among Young and Middle-Aged Adults in Light of Social Identity Theory -- 4.4.2 Ageism Among Older Adults in Light of Social Identity Theory -- 4.4.3 Strategies to Maintain Positive Self-Identity According to Social Identity Theory -- 4.5 Synthesis of the Three Theories from a Life Span Perspective -- 4.5.1 Short-Term and Long-Term Strategies for Coping with Self-Ageism -- 4.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: Work Environment and the Origin of Ageism -- 5.1 Setting the Scene: Ageism at the Workplace -- 5.2 Organizational Characteristics as Sources of Ageism at the Workplace -- 5.2.1 Organizational Structure and Hierarchy -- 5.2.2 Age Structure -- 5.2.3 Age-Diverse Climate, Age-Friendly Corporate Identity and Leadership -- 5.2.4 Human Resource Measures -- 5.2.5 Company Size -- 5.3 Contextual Factors as Sources of Ageism at the Workplace -- 5.3.1 Industrial and Sectorial Affiliation -- 5.3.2 Legal Framework for Prohibiting Discrimination Based on Age -- 5.4 Conclusion: Fighting Ageism at the Workplace -- References -- Chapter 6: Ageism and Age Discrimination in the Labour Market: A Macrostructural Perspective -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Ageism and Age Discrimination in the Labour Market: Key Theoretical Distinctions -- 6.2.1 Specific Features of Age Discrimination in the Labour Market.

6.2.2 Intersectional (Multiple) Discrimination -- 6.2.3 Ageism and Discrimination Across the Life Course -- 6.3 Macrostructural Processes and Age Discrimination in the Labour Market -- 6.3.1 Modernisation -- 6.3.2 Globalisation and Economic Crises -- 6.3.3 The Political Economy of Old Age -- 6.4 The Consequences and Costs of Ageism in Employment -- 6.4.1 Individual and Institutional Costs and Consequences -- 6.4.2 Social and Economic Costs and Consequences -- 6.5 Policy Responses to Ageism -- 6.5.1 Legal Solutions and Responses -- 6.5.2 Active and Productive Ageing Policies of the European Union -- 6.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7: Introduction to the Section: On the Manifestations and Consequences of Ageism -- References -- Chapter 8: Ageism in the Third Age -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Classifications of Ageing -- 8.3 Perceptions of One's Own Old Age -- 8.4 The Creation of the Third and Fourth Age -- 8.5 The Third Age Distancing Itself from the Fourth Age -- 8.6 Evidence of Distancing -- 8.7 The Fourth Age -- 8.8 Age and Disability -- 8.9 Discussion -- 8.10 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9: Pathways from Ageism to Loneliness -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Loneliness -- 9.3 Ageism -- 9.3.1 The Stereotypes of Ageing -- 9.3.2 Neglect and Social Exclusion -- 9.4 Pathways from Ageism to Loneliness -- 9.4.1 Social Rejection -- 9.4.2 Stereotype Embodiment -- 9.4.3 Social Exclusion -- 9.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10: Ageism and Sexuality -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Attitudes and Perceptions of the Media -- 10.3 Attitudes and Perceptions of the Young Towards Older People's Sexuality -- 10.4 Attitudes of Older People Towards Their Own Sexuality -- 10.5 Attitudes and Perceptions of Primary Care Providers and Long-Term Care Staff -- 10.6 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Chapter 11: Visual Ageism in the Media.

11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Why Visual Ageism in the Media Matters -- 11.3 Changes of Visual Ageism in the Media -- 11.4 New Visual Ageism in the Media: The Trend Towards a Positive Representation of Older People -- 11.5 Designing for Dynamic Diversity: An Alternative to Visual Ageism -- References -- Chapter 12: Ageism and Older Immigrants -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Ageism, Ageing Destination Countries, and Immigration Policies -- 12.3 Disadvantages of Older Immigrants Who Aged in Their Immigration Countries -- 12.4 Immigrant Age Limitation Policies -- 12.5 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 13: Ageism in the Health Care System: Providers, Patients, and Systems -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Providers and Patients: Ageism at the Micro Level -- 13.2.1 Ageist Attitudes and Practices Among Health Care Professionals -- 13.2.2 Ageist Communication by Health Care Professionals -- 13.2.3 Factors Associated with Ageism in the Medical Setting -- 13.2.4 Self-Ageism in the Health Care Setting -- 13.3 Structural Factors that Impact Care for Older Persons: Ageism at the Macro Level -- 13.3.1 Age Discrimination Exists in the Health Care System -- 13.3.2 Older Persons Participate Minimally in Clinical Trials -- 13.3.3 Training of Health Care Professionals -- 13.4 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Chapter 14: Ageism in Medication Use in Older Patients -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Aspects of Ageism and Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Patients -- 14.3 Inappropriate Prescribing in Older Patients and Aspects of Ageism -- 14.3.1 Definitions and Epidemiology of Inappropriate Prescribing in Older Adults -- 14.3.2 Risks Factors of Inappropriate Prescribing in Older Patients -- 14.3.3 Negative Consequences of Inappropriate Prescribing in Older Patients.

14.3.4 Strategies to Reduce Inappropriate Prescribing in Older Patients and Aspects of Ageism -- 14.4 Polypharmacy and Polyherbacy in Older Patients and Aspects of Ageism -- 14.4.1 Definitions and Epidemiology of Polypharmacy and Polyherbacy -- 14.4.2 Risk Factors of Polypharmacy and Polyherbacy in Older Patients -- 14.4.3 Negative Consequences of Polypharmacy and Polyherbacy in Older Adults -- 14.4.4 Strategies to Reduce Inappropriate Polypharmacy and Polyherbacy in Older Patients -- 14.5 Medication Nonadherence in Older Patients and Aspects of Ageism -- 14.5.1 Definitions and Epidemiology of Medication Nonadherence -- 14.5.2 Negative Consequences of Medication Nonadherence in Older Patients -- 14.5.3 Risk Factors of Medication Nonadherence and Aspects of Ageism -- 14.5.4 Strategies to Reduce Medication Nonadherence in Older Patients -- 14.6 Conclusions -- Appendix: List of Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 15: Ageism in Mental Health Assessment and Treatment of Older Adults -- 15.1 Ageism Among Mental Health Clinicians and Patients -- 15.1.1 Ageist Attitudes and Perceptions Among Mental Health Clinicians -- 15.1.2 Training in Geriatric Mental Health and Exposure to Older Patients -- 15.1.3 Self-Ageism Among Older Patients with Mental Illness -- 15.2 Difficulties in the Assessment of Older Persons with Mental Health Problems: The Impact of Ageism -- 15.2.1 Objective Difficulties in Assessing Psychiatric Conditions in Old Age -- 15.2.2 Psychiatric Diagnoses Biases in Late Life: The Role of Ageism -- 15.3 Ageism in Treatment: Providing Psychotherapy to Older Persons -- 15.3.1 Attitudes and Adaptations in Psychotherapy with Older Patients -- 15.3.2 Psychotherapists' and Patients' Ageist Attitudes and the Therapeutic Relationship -- 15.3.3 Ageist Attitudes and Specific Psychotherapeutic and Drug Interventions in Old Age.

15.3.4 Recommendations for Mental Health Clinicians.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2023. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.