Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Acronyms -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 Migrants with a Precarious Status -- 1.2 Gendered Dimensions of Precarious Status -- 1.3 The LoReMi Study -- Bibliography -- Chapter 2: The Shaping of Municipal Policies on Inclusion -- 2.1 Evolving National and European Policy Contexts -- 2.2 Countertrend: Formal Inclusion Policies -- 2.3 Inclusive Policies at the Local Level -- 2.4 Civil Society Actors -- 2.5 Pathways to Key Local Services -- 2.6 Firewalls to Preserve Confidentiality -- 2.7 Tensions and Alliances in Multi-level Governance -- 2.8 Horizontal Governance Arrangements -- 2.9 Horizontal Governance Within Municipalities -- 2.10 Municipal Framing of Inclusion -- 2.11 Deservingness -- 2.12 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Chapter 3: Contextualising Three Cities: Migrant Populations and Regulatory Frameworks -- 3.1 Migrant Populations -- 3.2 Governance and Policy Frameworks -- 3.3 United Kingdom -- 3.4 Germany -- 3.5 Austria -- 3.6 Welfare and Healthcare Systems -- 3.7 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Chapter 4: Cardiff -- 4.1 Lack of Data on City�s Precarious Migrants -- 4.2 Council Duties and Powers Limited by National Laws -- 4.3 A City of Sanctuary Committed to Inclusion -- 4.4 Tax Funded Healthcare Largely Limited to Residents with Legal Status -- 4.4.1 Local Responsibility for Public Health Embraces Precarious Migrants -- 4.4.2 Charges Prevent Access to Healthcare -- 4.4.3 Specialist Health Centre Provides Some Key Services -- Services for Women -- 4.4.4 Further Barriers to Accessing Healthcare -- 4.4.5 Inter-agency Cooperation Crucial But Data Sharing a Challenge -- 4.5 Accommodation Severely Limited by Law, Availability, and Lack of Trust -- 4.5.1 Vital Role of NGOs in Providing Shelter -- 4.5.2 Welsh Government Homeless Plan `Regardless of Migration Status�.

4.6 Access to School Education for All -- 4.6.1 Steps Taken to Meet Migrants� Special Needs -- 4.6.2 Limited Access to Post School Education -- 4.7 Addressing the Underlying Problem: Access to Legal Advice -- 4.7.1 Severe Shortage of Legal Expertise on Immigration -- 4.8 Lack of Capacity and Expertise Within Cardiff Council -- 4.8.1 Shortage of Data -- 4.9 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Chapter 5: Frankfurt -- 5.1 Precarious Migrants Diverse in Background, Length of Stay and Living Conditions -- 5.2 Large Municipal Authority with Responsibilities in the Social Sector -- 5.3 Cosmopolitan Self-image and Policy Focus on Integration -- 5.3.1 Critics Argue Inclusivity Has Limits -- 5.4 Regular Health System Largely Excludes Those Without Insurance -- 5.4.1 Municipal Clinic Targets Unmet Needs -- 5.4.2 NGO Health Services Endeavour to Fill Gaps in Provision -- 5.4.3 High Reliance on Municipal-NGO Cooperation and Personal Commitment -- 5.4.4 Council Clearing House Signposts Patients to Regular Services -- 5.4.5 Multiple Barriers Remain to Accessing Healthcare -- 5.5 Legal Restrictions and Affordability Limit Access to Accommodation -- 5.5.1 Poor Quality Housing and Exploitation Regularly Reported -- 5.5.2 Provision for Homeless People Excludes Many in Need -- 5.5.3 NGOs Vital Providers of Night and Day Shelters -- 5.5.4 Eligibility Checks Deter Take Up -- 5.5.5 Lack of Accommodation Increases Vulnerability to Violence -- 5.5.6 Shortage of Women�s Shelters Addressed by Council Unit -- 5.6 Access to School Education for All Since Reporting Requirement Lifted -- 5.6.1 Barriers to Pre-school and Post-school Education -- 5.7 Importance of Legal Advice and Counselling -- 5.7.1 Short Term Funding Threatens Viability of Advice Provision -- 5.8 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Chapter 6: Vienna -- 6.1 Precarious Migrant Population Faces Multiple Challenges.

6.1.1 Children at Particular Risk -- 6.1.2 Federal State and City Authority with Broad Powers and Resources -- 6.1.3 A `Human Rights City� with an Inclusive Self-image -- 6.2 Uninsured Excluded from Accessing Regular Health Care -- 6.2.1 Reliance on NGOs to Provide Health Services -- 6.2.2 COVID-19 Pandemic Heightened Risks of Exclusion -- 6.2.3 Major Gaps in Provision Remain -- 6.3 Access to Accommodation Limited by Law and Affordability -- 6.3.1 Eligibility for Homelessness Services Limited But Vital -- 6.3.2 `Opportunity Houses� a Welcome Development -- 6.3.3 Targeted Facilities for the Most Vulnerable People -- 6.3.4 Protection for Victims of Violence -- 6.4 Inclusive School Education with Challenges -- 6.4.1 Pre-school Provision Authorised Regardless of Migration Status -- 6.4.2 Post-school Provision Limited But Extended by NGOs -- 6.5 Good Access to Legal Advice and Counselling -- 6.5.1 Complexity and Scarce Resources Pose Challenges to Legal Advice -- 6.6 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Chapter 7: City Approaches Compared -- 7.1 Limited Recognition of Precarious Migrants Despite Commitments to Inclusion -- 7.2 Fragmented Policy Frames -- 7.3 Complexity of Legal Provisions -- 7.4 Limits on Capacity and Poor Coordination -- 7.5 Healthcare -- 7.5.1 Diverse Measures to Address Exclusion -- 7.5.2 NGOs Play Different But Crucial Roles -- 7.5.3 Persistent Barriers to Accessing Care -- 7.6 Accommodation -- 7.6.1 National Laws Severely Constrain Provision -- 7.6.2 Contrasting Approaches to Emergency Accommodation -- 7.6.3 Shared Reliance on NGOs -- 7.6.4 Provisions for Women Address Particular Vulnerabilities -- 7.7 Education -- 7.7.1 Significant Access to Primary and Secondary Schools -- 7.7.2 Barriers to Pre-school and Post-school Education -- 7.8 Legal Advice and Counselling -- 7.8.1 Trained Counsellors Can Address Scarcity of Legal Expertise.

7.9 Positive Lessons from Local Responses to the Covid-19 Pandemic -- 7.10 Common Barriers to Accessing Services: Legislation, Resources and Fear -- 7.11 Dependence on Non-governmental Organisations (NGOs) -- 7.12 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Chapter 8: Conclusion -- 8.1 A Future Research Agenda -- 8.2 Reform of Policy and Practice -- 8.2.1 Clarify Rules on Access to Public Services -- 8.2.2 Develop a Council-Wide Vision and Strategy to Deliver It -- 8.2.3 Ensure Low-Threshold Access to Essential Services -- 8.2.4 Build Internal Municipal Capacity to Deliver These Services -- 8.2.5 Build Long Term Collaborations with External Providers -- 8.2.6 Refrain from Unnecessary Data Collection and Install `Firewalls� -- 8.2.7 Reduce Fear-Based Barriers -- 8.2.8 Provide Access to Legal Advice, Information and Counselling -- 8.2.9 Prioritise Inclusive Approaches on Gender-Based Vulnerabilities -- 8.2.10 Capture and Build on Good Practice -- 8.2.11 Use Existing Policy Levers at National and European Level -- 8.2.12 Creating Prospects for a Sustainable Future -- Bibliography -- Appendix: List of Interviews and Stakeholder Events -- Bibliography.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.