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Industry 4. 0 for SMEs : Challenges, Opportunities and Requirements.

By: Matt, Dominik T.
Contributor(s): Modr�ak, Vladim�ir | Zsifkovits, Helmut.
Material type: materialTypeLabelBookPublisher: Cham : Springer International Publishing AG, 2020Copyright date: �2020Edition: 1st ed.Description: 1 online resource (435 pages).Content type: text Media type: computer Carrier type: online resourceISBN: 9783030254254.Genre/Form: Electronic books.DDC classification: 338.6 Online resources: Click to View
Contents:
Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Part I Introduction to Industry 4.0 for SMEs -- 1 SME 4.0: The Role of Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Digital Transformation -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Industry 4.0 as the Fourth Industrial Revolution -- 1.2.1 Origin and Characterization of Industry 4.0 -- 1.2.2 Industry 4.0-A Challenge for Europe and Beyond -- 1.3 The Contribution of Small and Medium Enterprises to Economic Development -- 1.3.1 The Role of SMEs in the European Economy -- 1.3.2 The Role of SMEs in the United States -- 1.3.3 The Role of SMEs in Asia -- 1.3.4 The Role of SMEs in the World -- 1.4 Current State of the Transition of Industry 4.0 to SMEs -- 1.4.1 State of the Art of Industry 4.0 for SMEs in Scientific Literature -- 1.4.2 Current EU Research Initiatives on Industry 4.0 for SMEs -- 1.4.3 Summary of the State-of-the-Art Analysis -- 1.5 SME 4.0-Industry 4.0 for SMEs -- 1.5.1 "SME 4.0" Project Key Data and Objectives -- 1.5.2 Project Structure -- 1.5.3 Research Methodology in the First Project Phase -- 1.6 Conclusion and Structure of the Book -- References -- Part II Industry 4.0 Concepts for Smart Manufacturing in SMEs -- 2 SME Requirements and Guidelines for the Design of Smart and Highly Adaptable Manufacturing Systems -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Background and Literature Review -- 2.2.1 Industry 4.0-The Fourth Industrial Revolution -- 2.2.2 State of the Art in the Introduction of Smart and Highly Adaptable Manufacturing Systems in SMEs -- 2.3 Problem Formulation -- 2.4 Research Methodology -- 2.5 Analysis of Requirements for SME 4.0 Manufacturing Systems and Coarse Design Guidelines -- 2.5.1 Collection of User Needs Through an Explorative Study -- 2.5.2 Thematic Clustering and Categorization of Inputs -- 2.5.3 Reverse Engineering of Inputs Categorized as DPs and PVs.
2.5.4 Final List of Functional Requirements and Constraints Regarding the Introduction of Industry 4.0 in SMEs -- 2.5.5 Derivation of Coarse Design Guidelines for Smart Manufacturing in SMEs -- 2.6 Discussion -- 2.7 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Implementation of Industrial Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems in SMEs for Distributed and Service-Oriented Control -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Fundamentals of Connectivity -- 3.2.1 The OSI Model -- 3.2.2 CPS Architecture -- 3.2.3 The Concept of Interoperability -- 3.2.4 Loosely Coupled Systems and SOA -- 3.2.5 The Publish and Subscribe Pattern -- 3.2.6 Service Discovery, Zero Configuration, and Plug-and-Play/Work Networks -- 3.2.7 Ethernet-Based Connectivity Technologies for SME -- 3.3 The Integration Drivers -- 3.3.1 Organizational Drivers -- 3.3.2 Technical Drivers -- 3.4 Connectivity Architecture -- 3.4.1 Ethernet-Based Automation System -- 3.4.2 A Layered Design for Manufacturing Service Bus -- 3.4.3 Physical and Logical Network Topologies of the MSB -- 3.5 Case Study -- 3.5.1 The Smart Mini Factory -- 3.5.2 Design of the Manufacturing Service Bus -- 3.5.3 Connectivity Framework Gateways -- 3.5.4 The ROS Protocol -- 3.6 Conclusions -- References -- 4 The Opportunities and Challenges of SME Manufacturing Automation: Safety and Ergonomics in Human-Robot Collaboration -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 Introduction to Industrial Collaborative Robotics -- 4.1.2 Main Occupational Health and Safety Concepts -- 4.1.3 Occupational Health and Safety Standards -- 4.1.4 Introduction to Industrial Robot Safety -- 4.2 Fundamentals of Occupational Safety in Industrial Human-Robot Interaction -- 4.2.1 Mechanical Risk Analysis in Industrial Robotics: Traditional Versus Collaborative Robotics -- 4.2.2 Main Safety Standards for Industrial Collaborative Robotics.
4.2.3 Technical Specification ISO TS 15066 (2016) and Collaborative Operations -- 4.2.4 Nature of Human-Robot Contacts -- 4.3 Human-Centric Design and Ergonomics -- 4.3.1 Risk Factors and Musculoskeletal Disorders -- 4.3.2 Main Standards on Physical Ergonomics -- 4.3.3 Ergonomics in Human-Robot Collaboration -- 4.4 Discussion About Potential and Challenges in Safety and Ergonomics in Human-Robot Collaboration -- 4.4.1 Main Technological Research Areas of Interest -- 4.4.2 Main Organizational Research Areas of Interest -- 4.5 Conclusions -- References -- Part III Industry 4.0 Concepts for Smart Logistics in SMEs -- 5 Requirement Analysis for the Design of Smart Logistics in SMEs -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Problem Formulation -- 5.3 Related Work -- 5.4 Research Design/Methodology -- 5.5 Hypothesis of Requirements for Smart Logistics in SMEs -- 5.5.1 Lean and Agility -- 5.5.2 Real-Time Status -- 5.5.3 Digitization, Connectivity, and Network -- 5.5.4 Tracking, PPC, and WMS -- 5.5.5 Culture, People, and Implementation -- 5.5.6 Security and Safety -- 5.5.7 Ease of Use -- 5.5.8 Transportation -- 5.5.9 Automation -- 5.6 Creativity and Viability Through Axiomatic Design -- 5.7 Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- 6 Consistent Identification and Traceability of Objects as an Enabler for Automation in the Steel Processing Industry -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Background and Literature Review of Identification and Traceability -- 6.2.1 Labeling Type and Content -- 6.2.2 Labeling Method -- 6.3 Problem Formulation -- 6.4 Methods/Methodology -- 6.4.1 Developing a Traceability Model -- 6.4.2 Traceability Issues in Process Industries -- 6.5 A Case-Tracing Continuous Flow in Process Industries -- 6.5.1 Initial Situation and Project Steps -- 6.5.2 Evaluation of Proposed Solutions -- 6.6 Discussion and Conclusions -- References.
7 State-of-the-Art Analysis of the Usage and Potential of Automation in Logistics -- 7.1 Introduction-Automation in Production Logistics -- 7.2 Problem Formulation and Methods/Methodology -- 7.3 Enablers of Automation in Logistics -- 7.3.1 Identification Technologies for Automation -- 7.3.2 Technological Concepts for Automation -- 7.4 Discussion of Automation Approaches -- 7.4.1 Agent-Based Automation Through Enhanced Process Control -- 7.4.2 Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) and Robots in Logistics Systems -- 7.4.3 Conveyor Belts and Sorting Systems -- 7.4.4 Automation Through Augmented Reality (AR) -- 7.4.5 Automation Through Modularization Strategies -- 7.5 A Case-Conveyor Belts and Sorting Systems Case Study: Medium-Sized Logistics Service Provider in Thailand -- 7.6 Discussion, Suggestions, and Implications -- References -- Part IV Industry 4.0 Managerial, Organizational and Implementation Issues -- 8 Development of an Organizational Maturity Model in Terms of Mass Customization -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Literature Review -- 8.3 Problem Description -- 8.4 Methodology -- 8.5 Proposed Approaches and Solutions -- 8.5.1 Development of QMM -- 8.5.2 Application of the QMM -- 8.5.3 Identification of the Key Requirement of SMEs -- 8.6 Maturity Model of Organizational Capabilities for Mass Customized Manufacturing -- 8.6.1 Additional Requirements of the Maturity Model -- 8.6.2 Description of the Main Features of the Maturity Model -- 8.6.2.1 Product Modularity and Process Modularity -- 8.6.2.2 Integration of Product Configurator into Process Planning -- 8.7 Future Research Work and Conclusions -- Appendix 8.1 -- Appendix 8.2 -- Appendix 8.3 -- Appendix 8.4 -- References -- 9 Implementing Industry 4.0 in SMEs: A Focus Group Study on Organizational Requirements -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Background.
9.2.1 Organizational Barriers to Industry 4.0 Implementation -- 9.2.2 Barriers to Innovation -- 9.3 Problem Formulation -- 9.4 Methodology -- 9.4.1 Focus Group Method -- 9.4.2 Sample Selection and Data Collection -- 9.4.3 Data Analysis -- 9.5 Results -- 9.6 Discussion -- 9.7 Conclusions -- References -- 10 Smart SME 4.0 Implementation Toolkit -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Background and Literature Review -- 10.2.1 Information Technology -- 10.2.1.1 Equipment Infrastructure -- 10.2.1.2 IT System -- 10.2.1.3 Information Sharing -- 10.2.1.4 Cloud Based -- 10.2.2 Production and Operations -- 10.2.2.1 Innovation Management -- 10.2.2.2 Data Analytics -- 10.2.2.3 Horizontal/Vertical Data Integration -- 10.2.2.4 Expert Systems -- 10.2.3 Automation -- 10.2.3.1 OEE Equipment Effectiveness -- 10.2.3.2 Man-Machine Interaction -- 10.2.3.3 Autonomous Process -- 10.2.3.4 M2M Machine Connectivity -- 10.2.4 Human Resource -- 10.2.4.1 Technical -- 10.2.4.2 Non-Technical -- 10.3 Problem Formulation -- 10.4 Methodology -- 10.5 Problem Solution -- 10.5.1 SMEs 4.0 for Make-to-Order Snack Factory -- 10.5.2 SMEs 4.0 for Service Industry-A Coffee Shop -- 10.5.3 SMEs 4.0 for Small Fabrication Company -- 10.5.4 SMEs 4.0 for Multinational SMEs -- 10.6 Discussion -- 10.7 Conclusions -- References -- Part V Case Studies and Methodical Tools for Implementing Industry 4.0 in SMEs -- 11 The Digitization of Quality Control Operations with Cloud Platform Computing Technologies -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Background and Literature Review -- 11.3 Problem Formulation and Methodology -- 11.4 Problem Solution -- 11.4.1 Quality Control Objects -- 11.4.2 Data Acquisition During Quality Control Process -- 11.4.2.1 Data Extraction from Vision Systems -- 11.4.2.2 Data Extraction from RFID System -- 11.4.3 Data Storing and Analyzing Using Cloud Platform.
11.4.4 Digital Twin with Simulation and Virtual Reality.
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Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Part I Introduction to Industry 4.0 for SMEs -- 1 SME 4.0: The Role of Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Digital Transformation -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Industry 4.0 as the Fourth Industrial Revolution -- 1.2.1 Origin and Characterization of Industry 4.0 -- 1.2.2 Industry 4.0-A Challenge for Europe and Beyond -- 1.3 The Contribution of Small and Medium Enterprises to Economic Development -- 1.3.1 The Role of SMEs in the European Economy -- 1.3.2 The Role of SMEs in the United States -- 1.3.3 The Role of SMEs in Asia -- 1.3.4 The Role of SMEs in the World -- 1.4 Current State of the Transition of Industry 4.0 to SMEs -- 1.4.1 State of the Art of Industry 4.0 for SMEs in Scientific Literature -- 1.4.2 Current EU Research Initiatives on Industry 4.0 for SMEs -- 1.4.3 Summary of the State-of-the-Art Analysis -- 1.5 SME 4.0-Industry 4.0 for SMEs -- 1.5.1 "SME 4.0" Project Key Data and Objectives -- 1.5.2 Project Structure -- 1.5.3 Research Methodology in the First Project Phase -- 1.6 Conclusion and Structure of the Book -- References -- Part II Industry 4.0 Concepts for Smart Manufacturing in SMEs -- 2 SME Requirements and Guidelines for the Design of Smart and Highly Adaptable Manufacturing Systems -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Background and Literature Review -- 2.2.1 Industry 4.0-The Fourth Industrial Revolution -- 2.2.2 State of the Art in the Introduction of Smart and Highly Adaptable Manufacturing Systems in SMEs -- 2.3 Problem Formulation -- 2.4 Research Methodology -- 2.5 Analysis of Requirements for SME 4.0 Manufacturing Systems and Coarse Design Guidelines -- 2.5.1 Collection of User Needs Through an Explorative Study -- 2.5.2 Thematic Clustering and Categorization of Inputs -- 2.5.3 Reverse Engineering of Inputs Categorized as DPs and PVs.

2.5.4 Final List of Functional Requirements and Constraints Regarding the Introduction of Industry 4.0 in SMEs -- 2.5.5 Derivation of Coarse Design Guidelines for Smart Manufacturing in SMEs -- 2.6 Discussion -- 2.7 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Implementation of Industrial Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems in SMEs for Distributed and Service-Oriented Control -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Fundamentals of Connectivity -- 3.2.1 The OSI Model -- 3.2.2 CPS Architecture -- 3.2.3 The Concept of Interoperability -- 3.2.4 Loosely Coupled Systems and SOA -- 3.2.5 The Publish and Subscribe Pattern -- 3.2.6 Service Discovery, Zero Configuration, and Plug-and-Play/Work Networks -- 3.2.7 Ethernet-Based Connectivity Technologies for SME -- 3.3 The Integration Drivers -- 3.3.1 Organizational Drivers -- 3.3.2 Technical Drivers -- 3.4 Connectivity Architecture -- 3.4.1 Ethernet-Based Automation System -- 3.4.2 A Layered Design for Manufacturing Service Bus -- 3.4.3 Physical and Logical Network Topologies of the MSB -- 3.5 Case Study -- 3.5.1 The Smart Mini Factory -- 3.5.2 Design of the Manufacturing Service Bus -- 3.5.3 Connectivity Framework Gateways -- 3.5.4 The ROS Protocol -- 3.6 Conclusions -- References -- 4 The Opportunities and Challenges of SME Manufacturing Automation: Safety and Ergonomics in Human-Robot Collaboration -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 Introduction to Industrial Collaborative Robotics -- 4.1.2 Main Occupational Health and Safety Concepts -- 4.1.3 Occupational Health and Safety Standards -- 4.1.4 Introduction to Industrial Robot Safety -- 4.2 Fundamentals of Occupational Safety in Industrial Human-Robot Interaction -- 4.2.1 Mechanical Risk Analysis in Industrial Robotics: Traditional Versus Collaborative Robotics -- 4.2.2 Main Safety Standards for Industrial Collaborative Robotics.

4.2.3 Technical Specification ISO TS 15066 (2016) and Collaborative Operations -- 4.2.4 Nature of Human-Robot Contacts -- 4.3 Human-Centric Design and Ergonomics -- 4.3.1 Risk Factors and Musculoskeletal Disorders -- 4.3.2 Main Standards on Physical Ergonomics -- 4.3.3 Ergonomics in Human-Robot Collaboration -- 4.4 Discussion About Potential and Challenges in Safety and Ergonomics in Human-Robot Collaboration -- 4.4.1 Main Technological Research Areas of Interest -- 4.4.2 Main Organizational Research Areas of Interest -- 4.5 Conclusions -- References -- Part III Industry 4.0 Concepts for Smart Logistics in SMEs -- 5 Requirement Analysis for the Design of Smart Logistics in SMEs -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Problem Formulation -- 5.3 Related Work -- 5.4 Research Design/Methodology -- 5.5 Hypothesis of Requirements for Smart Logistics in SMEs -- 5.5.1 Lean and Agility -- 5.5.2 Real-Time Status -- 5.5.3 Digitization, Connectivity, and Network -- 5.5.4 Tracking, PPC, and WMS -- 5.5.5 Culture, People, and Implementation -- 5.5.6 Security and Safety -- 5.5.7 Ease of Use -- 5.5.8 Transportation -- 5.5.9 Automation -- 5.6 Creativity and Viability Through Axiomatic Design -- 5.7 Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- 6 Consistent Identification and Traceability of Objects as an Enabler for Automation in the Steel Processing Industry -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Background and Literature Review of Identification and Traceability -- 6.2.1 Labeling Type and Content -- 6.2.2 Labeling Method -- 6.3 Problem Formulation -- 6.4 Methods/Methodology -- 6.4.1 Developing a Traceability Model -- 6.4.2 Traceability Issues in Process Industries -- 6.5 A Case-Tracing Continuous Flow in Process Industries -- 6.5.1 Initial Situation and Project Steps -- 6.5.2 Evaluation of Proposed Solutions -- 6.6 Discussion and Conclusions -- References.

7 State-of-the-Art Analysis of the Usage and Potential of Automation in Logistics -- 7.1 Introduction-Automation in Production Logistics -- 7.2 Problem Formulation and Methods/Methodology -- 7.3 Enablers of Automation in Logistics -- 7.3.1 Identification Technologies for Automation -- 7.3.2 Technological Concepts for Automation -- 7.4 Discussion of Automation Approaches -- 7.4.1 Agent-Based Automation Through Enhanced Process Control -- 7.4.2 Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) and Robots in Logistics Systems -- 7.4.3 Conveyor Belts and Sorting Systems -- 7.4.4 Automation Through Augmented Reality (AR) -- 7.4.5 Automation Through Modularization Strategies -- 7.5 A Case-Conveyor Belts and Sorting Systems Case Study: Medium-Sized Logistics Service Provider in Thailand -- 7.6 Discussion, Suggestions, and Implications -- References -- Part IV Industry 4.0 Managerial, Organizational and Implementation Issues -- 8 Development of an Organizational Maturity Model in Terms of Mass Customization -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Literature Review -- 8.3 Problem Description -- 8.4 Methodology -- 8.5 Proposed Approaches and Solutions -- 8.5.1 Development of QMM -- 8.5.2 Application of the QMM -- 8.5.3 Identification of the Key Requirement of SMEs -- 8.6 Maturity Model of Organizational Capabilities for Mass Customized Manufacturing -- 8.6.1 Additional Requirements of the Maturity Model -- 8.6.2 Description of the Main Features of the Maturity Model -- 8.6.2.1 Product Modularity and Process Modularity -- 8.6.2.2 Integration of Product Configurator into Process Planning -- 8.7 Future Research Work and Conclusions -- Appendix 8.1 -- Appendix 8.2 -- Appendix 8.3 -- Appendix 8.4 -- References -- 9 Implementing Industry 4.0 in SMEs: A Focus Group Study on Organizational Requirements -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Background.

9.2.1 Organizational Barriers to Industry 4.0 Implementation -- 9.2.2 Barriers to Innovation -- 9.3 Problem Formulation -- 9.4 Methodology -- 9.4.1 Focus Group Method -- 9.4.2 Sample Selection and Data Collection -- 9.4.3 Data Analysis -- 9.5 Results -- 9.6 Discussion -- 9.7 Conclusions -- References -- 10 Smart SME 4.0 Implementation Toolkit -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Background and Literature Review -- 10.2.1 Information Technology -- 10.2.1.1 Equipment Infrastructure -- 10.2.1.2 IT System -- 10.2.1.3 Information Sharing -- 10.2.1.4 Cloud Based -- 10.2.2 Production and Operations -- 10.2.2.1 Innovation Management -- 10.2.2.2 Data Analytics -- 10.2.2.3 Horizontal/Vertical Data Integration -- 10.2.2.4 Expert Systems -- 10.2.3 Automation -- 10.2.3.1 OEE Equipment Effectiveness -- 10.2.3.2 Man-Machine Interaction -- 10.2.3.3 Autonomous Process -- 10.2.3.4 M2M Machine Connectivity -- 10.2.4 Human Resource -- 10.2.4.1 Technical -- 10.2.4.2 Non-Technical -- 10.3 Problem Formulation -- 10.4 Methodology -- 10.5 Problem Solution -- 10.5.1 SMEs 4.0 for Make-to-Order Snack Factory -- 10.5.2 SMEs 4.0 for Service Industry-A Coffee Shop -- 10.5.3 SMEs 4.0 for Small Fabrication Company -- 10.5.4 SMEs 4.0 for Multinational SMEs -- 10.6 Discussion -- 10.7 Conclusions -- References -- Part V Case Studies and Methodical Tools for Implementing Industry 4.0 in SMEs -- 11 The Digitization of Quality Control Operations with Cloud Platform Computing Technologies -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Background and Literature Review -- 11.3 Problem Formulation and Methodology -- 11.4 Problem Solution -- 11.4.1 Quality Control Objects -- 11.4.2 Data Acquisition During Quality Control Process -- 11.4.2.1 Data Extraction from Vision Systems -- 11.4.2.2 Data Extraction from RFID System -- 11.4.3 Data Storing and Analyzing Using Cloud Platform.

11.4.4 Digital Twin with Simulation and Virtual Reality.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.

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