Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- *-1pc Value Creation and Managing Intellectual Property in the Life Science Industry -- Value Creation, Valuation and Business Models in the Pharmaceutical Sector -- 1 Value Principles in the Pharmaceutical Industry -- 2 Value Creation in the Pharmaceutical Industry -- 3 `Keeping Focus': The Traditional Value Token -- 4 `Extending Horizons': Innovation-Integration Across the Value Chain -- 5 Value Protection: Intellectual Property in the Life Sciences -- 5.1 Patent Evaluation -- 6 Modelling the Patent Value as a Stochastic Process -- 6.1 The Patent Life Model -- 6.2 Viewing a Generic Case -- 6.3 Interferon Beta 1a: A Real-World Case -- 7 The Future of Value and Valuation in Pharma -- References -- Limited Commercial Licensing Strategies: A Piecewise Deterministic Differential Game -- 1 Limited Commercial Licenses in the Pharmaceutical Industry -- 1.1 Probability of Issuing a CL -- 2 A Differential Game of Limited Commercial Licensing -- 2.1 Preliminaries -- 2.2 Profits and Sales in Each Regime -- 2.3 Switching Between Stages -- 2.4 The Problem -- 3 Solving the Model -- 4 Perspective -- References -- Partnership Models for R& -- D in the Pharmaceutical Industry -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Problem of R& -- D Efficiency of Pharmaceutical Companies -- 2.1 Eroom's Law -- 2.2 Analysis of R& -- D Costs in the Pharmaceutical Sector -- 2.3 Analysis of Pipeline Drugs -- 3 New R& -- D Open Innovation Models for Pharmaceutical Companies -- 3.1 Mergers and Acquisitions -- 3.2 In-licensing Agreements -- 3.3 Outsourcing R& -- D Processes from CROs -- 3.4 R& -- D Collaborations -- 3.5 Public-Private Partnerships -- 3.6 Crowdsourcing -- 3.7 Innovation Centers -- 3.8 Open Source -- References -- *-1pc Modelling Specific Business Processes in the Life Science Industry.

Pharma Tender Processes: Modeling Auction Outcomes -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Pharmaceutical Tendering -- 2.1 Pharmaceutical Tendering Mechanism in Different Countries -- 2.2 Effect of Pharmaceutical Tendering -- 3 Tendering as Auction: Scope and Concept -- 3.1 Tender Versus Auction -- 3.2 Independent Private Value Auction -- 3.3 First Price Sealed Auction -- 3.4 Number of Bidders -- 4 Empirical Methods for Price Auction Estimation -- 4.1 Bidding Price Determinants Estimation with Reduced Form Approach -- 4.2 Structural Estimation of Auction Models -- 4.3 Quantile-Based Non-parametric Estimation of Private Value -- 5 Non-parametric Estimation on Observational Data -- 5.1 Dataset -- 5.2 Visualization and Descriptive Analysis -- 5.3 Assumptions Validation -- 5.4 Modeling and Estimation -- 5.5 Adjustments and Lessons Learned -- References -- Multi-Echelon Inventory Optimization Using Deep Reinforcement Learning -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Challenges of Multi-Echelon Inventory Management from an Optimization Perspective -- 3 Literature Review of Inventory Management -- 4 Reinforcement Learning for Inventory Management -- 4.1 Markov (Decision) Processes -- 5 Introduction to Reinforcement Learning -- 5.1 Value-Based Methods -- 5.2 Policy-Based Methods -- 5.3 Actor-Critic Methods -- 6 Evaluation -- 7 Discussion of Results -- 8 Outlook -- 9 Conclusions -- 10 Acronyms -- References -- *-1pc Specialized Quantitative Tools in the Life Science Industry -- An Invitation to Stochastic Differential Equations in Healthcare -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Brownian Motions -- 1.2 Ito's Integral and Solutions of Geometric Brownian Motions (GBM) -- 1.3 Existence of Solutions of Stochastic Differential Equations -- 2 Numerical Methods for SDEs -- 2.1 Euler-Maruyama Method -- 2.2 -Maruyama Methods -- 2.3 Stochastic Runge-Kutta Methods -- 3 A Numerical Evidence on PK/PD Models.

References -- Life Events that Cascade: An Excursion into DALY Computations -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Hawkes-Cox Framework -- 2.1 The Choice of Kernel and the R�ole of (Se(B -- 3 Dynkin's Formula -- 4 Theoretical Moments -- 4.1 The Moments of Counts in an Interval -- 4.2 The Covariance -- 5 Learning and Optimization -- 6 Synthetic Experiments -- 6.1 Calibration -- 7 Disability Adjusted Life Years -- 8 Concluding Remarks -- References.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2023. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.