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Detection and Treatment of Emerging Contaminants in Wastewater.

By: Bhat, Sartaj.
Contributor(s): Kumar, Vineet | Li, Fusheng.
Material type: materialTypeLabelBookPublisher: London : IWA Publishing, 2024Copyright date: �2024Edition: 1st ed.Description: 1 online resource (269 pages).Content type: text Media type: computer Carrier type: online resourceISBN: 9781789063769.Genre/Form: Electronic books.DDC classification: 628.3 Online resources: Click to View
Contents:
Intro -- Cover -- Contents -- The Editors -- Preface -- Chapter 1 : Fate and behavior of microplastics in wastewater, accumulation in organisms and effects -- 1.1   INTRODUCTION -- 1.2   MICROPLASTICS IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS -- 1.2.1   Arrival of MPs at WWTPs: sources -- 1.2.2   Presence and removal of MPs in wastewater treatment units -- 1.2.3   Presence and accumulation of MPs in sewage sludge -- 1.3   CIRCULAR ECONOMY, REGENERATED WATER, AND SLUDGE AS SOIL AMENDMENT: ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES -- 1.4   ACCUMULATION OF MICROPLASTICS IN ORGANISMS AND EFFECTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 : Occurrence and detection of pharmaceuticals in wastewater and its subsequent treatment using constructed wetlands, bioelectrochemical systems and their combination -- 2.1   INTRODUCTION -- 2.2   TYPES OF PhACs DETECTED IN WASTEWATER AND THEIR PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES -- 2.3   ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF THE PRESENCE OF PhACs IN WASTEWATER -- 2.4   CHALLENGES IN DETECTING PhACs IN WASTEWATER AND STRATEGIES FOR THEIR EFFECTIVE ANALYSIS -- 2.5   CHALLENGES IN REMOVING PhACs FROM WASTEWATER -- 2.6   PERFORMANCE OF CW IN REMOVING PhACs -- 2.7   PERFORMANCE OF BES IN REMOVING PhACs -- 2.8   PERFORMANCE OF HYBRID CW-BES SYSTEM IN REMOVING PhACs -- 2.9   SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 : Emerging contaminants in municipal sewage/sludge: occurrence, risk assessment, and treatment technologies -- 3.1   INTRODUCTION -- 3.2   OCCURRENCE OF ECS IN MUNICIPAL SEWAGE/SLUDGE -- 3.3   RISK ASSESSMENT OF ECS IN MUNICIPAL SEWAGE/SLUDGE -- 3.3.1   Ecological risk assessment -- 3.3.2   Health risk assessment -- 3.4   TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES OF ECS IN MUNICIPAL SEWAGE/SLUDGE -- 3.4.1   Treatment technologies of ECs in municipal sewage -- 3.4.1.1   Adsorption -- 3.4.1.2   Biological treatment.
3.4.1.3   Advanced oxidation processes -- 3.4.1.4   Membrane treatment -- 3.4.2   Treatment technologies of ECs in municipal sludge -- 3.4.2.1   Aerobic composting -- 3.4.2.2   Anaerobic digestion -- 3.4.2.3   Advanced oxidation processes -- 3.4.2.4   Other treatments -- 3.5   CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 : Recent advances in treatment of microplastics in wastewater -- 4.1   INTRODUCTION -- 4.2   CHALLENGES IN THE MICROPLASTICS REMOVAL -- 4.3   OVERVIEW OF CONVENTIONAL TREATMENT TECHNIQUES AND SHORTCOMINGS -- 4.4   ADVANCED TECHNIQUES FOR REMOVAL OF MICROPLASTICS -- 4.4.1   Physical techniques -- 4.4.1.1   Adsorption -- 4.4.1.2   Filtration -- 4.4.1.3   Agglomeration and sol-gel process using bioinspired molecules -- 4.4.1.4   Micromotors -- 4.4.2   Chemical techniques -- 4.4.2.1   Metal organic framework (MOF)-based moieties -- 4.4.2.2   Advanced oxidation processes -- 4.4.3   Biological techniques -- 4.4.3.1   Algal degradation -- 4.4.3.2   Fungal degradation -- 4.4.3.3   Bacterial degradation -- 4.4.3.4   Constructed wetlands -- 4.4.4   Miscellaneous techniques -- 4.4.4.1   Electrochemical methods -- 4.4.4.2   Nanotechnological methods -- 4.4.4.3   Combinatorial methods -- 4.5   FUTURE PERSPECTIVES -- 4.6   CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 : A brief account of the antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in an aquatic environment -- 5.1   INTRODUCTION -- 5.1.1   Antibiotics as emerging pollutants -- 5.1.2   Occurrence of antibiotics and ARGs in water bodies -- 5.1.3   Global distribution of antibiotics as emerging pollutants -- 5.1.4   Studies for antibiotic distribution in Indian aquatic bodies -- 5.2   TRENDS in CONSUMPTION of ANTIBIOTIC POLLUTANTS -- 5.2.1   Antibiotic consumption trend at the global level.
5.2.2   Antibiotic consumption trend in India -- 5.3   ECOLOGICAL RISK POSED BY ANTIBIOTICS -- 5.4   ASSESSMENT AND REMEDIATION METHODOLOGIES -- 5.4.1   Conventional treatment processes -- 5.4.1.1   Activated sludge process (ASP) -- 5.4.1.2   Membrane biological reactor (MBR) -- 5.4.2   Advanced emerging treatment techniques -- 5.4.2.1   Ozonation -- 5.4.2.2   UV irradiation -- 5.4.2.3   Adsorption-based removal -- 5.5   REGULATIONS BY GLOBAL AUTHORITIES FOR ANTIBIOTICS UTILIZATION -- 5.6   CURRENT ADVANCES AND FUTURE OUTLOOK -- 5.7   CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6 : Function of nanomaterials in the treatment of emerging pollutants in wastewater -- 6.1   INTRODUCTION -- 6.2   CLASSIFICATION OF NANOMATERIALS (NMS) -- 6.2.1   Carbon-based nanomaterial -- 6.2.1.1   Fullerene -- 6.2.1.2   Carbon nanotubes -- 6.2.1.3   Graphene -- 6.2.2   Metal/metal oxide-based nanomaterials -- 6.3   SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOMATERIALS -- 6.3.1   Green synthesis of nanomaterials -- 6.3.2   Characterization of nanomaterials -- 6.4   NANOMATERIALS-BASED APPROACHES OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT (WWT) -- 6.5   ADVANCES IN TERMS OF GREEN APPROACH FOR THE LARGE-SCALE USE OF NANOMATERIALS IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT -- 6.5.1   Nanofiltration -- 6.5.2   Nano adsorbents -- 6.5.3   Photocatalysis -- 6.5.4   Nano sensors -- 6.6   BARRIERS ASSOCIATED AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS OF NANOTECHNOLOGIES -- 6.7   FUTURE PERSPECTIVES OF NANOMATERIALS IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT (WWT) -- 6.8   CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7 : Treatment approaches for emerging contaminants in sludge and wastewater -- 7.1   INTRODUCTION -- 7.2   BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES -- 7.2.1   Conventional -- 7.2.1.1   Activated sludge -- 7.2.1.2   Membrane bioreactor -- 7.2.1.3   Anaerobic digestion -- 7.2.1.4   Nitrogen removal.
7.2.2   Non-conventional -- 7.2.2.1   Constructed wetlands -- 7.2.2.2   Composting -- 7.2.2.3   Microalgae-mediated processes -- 7.2.2.4   Mycoremediation -- 7.2.2.5   Enzymatic processes -- 7.2.2.6   Bioelectrochemical systems -- 7.3   PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROCESSES -- 7.3.1   Advanced oxidation processes -- 7.3.2   Adsorption -- 7.3.3   Membrane filtration -- 7.3.4   Pyrolysis -- 7.4   TREATMENT TRENDS FOR ECS REMOVAL -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8 : Novel approaches for removing emerging contaminants from sludge using fungal-mediated processes -- 8.1   INTRODUCTION -- 8.2   FUNGAL SPECIES USED FOR THE REMOVAL OF ECs -- 8.2.1   Fungal species used for the removal of ECs from sludge -- 8.2.2   Mechanisms by which fungi can remove ECs from sludge -- 8.3   RECENT ADVANCES IN FUNGAL-MEDIATED PROCESSES FOR EC REMOVAL -- 8.3.1   Fungal reactors -- 8.3.2   Coculture-based approach -- 8.3.3   Enzymes application-based approach -- 8.3.4   Genetically modified fungi application-based approach -- 8.4   FACTORS AFFECTING FUNGAL-MEDIATED PROCESSES -- 8.5   APPLICATIONS OF FUNGAL-MEDIATED TECHNOLOGY FOR EC REMOVAL -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9 : Tracing the pathways: the journey of emerging contaminants from wastewater into the environment -- 9.1   BACKGROUND -- 9.2   EMERGING (MICRO)POLLUTANTS IN THE ENVIRONMENT -- 9.2.1   Pharmaceuticals -- 9.2.2   Antidepressants -- 9.2.3   Personal care products (PCPs) -- 9.2.4   Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) -- 9.2.5   Phthalate esters (PAEs) -- 9.2.6   Pesticides -- 9.2.7   Endocrine active compounds -- 9.2.8   Surfactants and food additives -- 9.2.9   Musks -- 9.3   EC IN AN AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENT -- 9.3.1   Classification and sources of EC -- 9.3.2   Occurrence of EC in different water matrix -- 9.3.2.1   Surface water -- 9.3.2.2   Groundwater.
9.3.2.3   Drinking water -- 9.3.2.4   Wastewaters -- 9.3.2.5   Other matrix -- 9.3.3   Pathways of ECs -- 9.4   GLOBAL OCCURRENCE OF SOME IMPORTANT ECs -- 9.5   FATE OF ECs IN ENVIRONMENTAL WATERS -- 9.5.1   Human metabolites -- 9.5.2   Microbial transformation -- 9.5.3   Physicochemical processes -- 9.6   ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING OF ECs -- 9.6.1   Sampling mode and strategy -- 9.6.2   Analysis methods -- 9.7   POLICY AND LEGISLATION (INDIA) -- 9.8   CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE OUTLOOK -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10 : Fate and behaviour of pharmaceutical and personal care products in wastewater -- 10.1   INTRODUCTION -- 10.2   MAJOR CATEGORIES OF PPCPs -- 10.2.1   Categories of pharmaceutical products -- 10.2.2   Categories of personal care products (PCPs) -- 10.3   OCCURRENCE OF PPCPs IN WATER ECOSYSTEM -- 10.4   SOURCES AND FATE OF PPCPs -- 10.4.1   Sources of PPCPs in wastewater -- 10.4.2   Fate of PPCPs in wastewater -- 10.5   HARMFUL EFFECTS OF PPCPs -- 10.6   REMOVAL AND MANAGEMENT OF PPCPs FROM WASTEWATER -- 10.6.1   Different methods of management -- 10.6.1.1   Conventional systems -- 10.6.1.2   Membrane filtration -- 10.6.1.3   Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) -- 10.6.1.4   Activated carbon -- 10.6.1.5   Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) -- 10.6.1.6   Constructed wetlands -- 10.7   CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PROSPECTIVES -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 11 : A review of occurrence of emerging contaminants and the advanced analytical techniques used for detection and removal of these pollutants in wastewater -- 11.1   INTRODUCTION -- 11.1.1   Review methodology -- 11.2   OCCURRENCE -- 11.3   DETECTION -- 11.4   REMOVAL -- 11.4.1   Physiochemical methods -- 11.4.1.1   Adsorption methods -- 11.4.1.2   Membrane technology -- 11.4.2   Biological methods.
11.4.3   Chemical treatments.
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Intro -- Cover -- Contents -- The Editors -- Preface -- Chapter 1 : Fate and behavior of microplastics in wastewater, accumulation in organisms and effects -- 1.1   INTRODUCTION -- 1.2   MICROPLASTICS IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS -- 1.2.1   Arrival of MPs at WWTPs: sources -- 1.2.2   Presence and removal of MPs in wastewater treatment units -- 1.2.3   Presence and accumulation of MPs in sewage sludge -- 1.3   CIRCULAR ECONOMY, REGENERATED WATER, AND SLUDGE AS SOIL AMENDMENT: ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES -- 1.4   ACCUMULATION OF MICROPLASTICS IN ORGANISMS AND EFFECTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 : Occurrence and detection of pharmaceuticals in wastewater and its subsequent treatment using constructed wetlands, bioelectrochemical systems and their combination -- 2.1   INTRODUCTION -- 2.2   TYPES OF PhACs DETECTED IN WASTEWATER AND THEIR PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES -- 2.3   ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF THE PRESENCE OF PhACs IN WASTEWATER -- 2.4   CHALLENGES IN DETECTING PhACs IN WASTEWATER AND STRATEGIES FOR THEIR EFFECTIVE ANALYSIS -- 2.5   CHALLENGES IN REMOVING PhACs FROM WASTEWATER -- 2.6   PERFORMANCE OF CW IN REMOVING PhACs -- 2.7   PERFORMANCE OF BES IN REMOVING PhACs -- 2.8   PERFORMANCE OF HYBRID CW-BES SYSTEM IN REMOVING PhACs -- 2.9   SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 : Emerging contaminants in municipal sewage/sludge: occurrence, risk assessment, and treatment technologies -- 3.1   INTRODUCTION -- 3.2   OCCURRENCE OF ECS IN MUNICIPAL SEWAGE/SLUDGE -- 3.3   RISK ASSESSMENT OF ECS IN MUNICIPAL SEWAGE/SLUDGE -- 3.3.1   Ecological risk assessment -- 3.3.2   Health risk assessment -- 3.4   TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES OF ECS IN MUNICIPAL SEWAGE/SLUDGE -- 3.4.1   Treatment technologies of ECs in municipal sewage -- 3.4.1.1   Adsorption -- 3.4.1.2   Biological treatment.

3.4.1.3   Advanced oxidation processes -- 3.4.1.4   Membrane treatment -- 3.4.2   Treatment technologies of ECs in municipal sludge -- 3.4.2.1   Aerobic composting -- 3.4.2.2   Anaerobic digestion -- 3.4.2.3   Advanced oxidation processes -- 3.4.2.4   Other treatments -- 3.5   CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 : Recent advances in treatment of microplastics in wastewater -- 4.1   INTRODUCTION -- 4.2   CHALLENGES IN THE MICROPLASTICS REMOVAL -- 4.3   OVERVIEW OF CONVENTIONAL TREATMENT TECHNIQUES AND SHORTCOMINGS -- 4.4   ADVANCED TECHNIQUES FOR REMOVAL OF MICROPLASTICS -- 4.4.1   Physical techniques -- 4.4.1.1   Adsorption -- 4.4.1.2   Filtration -- 4.4.1.3   Agglomeration and sol-gel process using bioinspired molecules -- 4.4.1.4   Micromotors -- 4.4.2   Chemical techniques -- 4.4.2.1   Metal organic framework (MOF)-based moieties -- 4.4.2.2   Advanced oxidation processes -- 4.4.3   Biological techniques -- 4.4.3.1   Algal degradation -- 4.4.3.2   Fungal degradation -- 4.4.3.3   Bacterial degradation -- 4.4.3.4   Constructed wetlands -- 4.4.4   Miscellaneous techniques -- 4.4.4.1   Electrochemical methods -- 4.4.4.2   Nanotechnological methods -- 4.4.4.3   Combinatorial methods -- 4.5   FUTURE PERSPECTIVES -- 4.6   CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 : A brief account of the antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in an aquatic environment -- 5.1   INTRODUCTION -- 5.1.1   Antibiotics as emerging pollutants -- 5.1.2   Occurrence of antibiotics and ARGs in water bodies -- 5.1.3   Global distribution of antibiotics as emerging pollutants -- 5.1.4   Studies for antibiotic distribution in Indian aquatic bodies -- 5.2   TRENDS in CONSUMPTION of ANTIBIOTIC POLLUTANTS -- 5.2.1   Antibiotic consumption trend at the global level.

5.2.2   Antibiotic consumption trend in India -- 5.3   ECOLOGICAL RISK POSED BY ANTIBIOTICS -- 5.4   ASSESSMENT AND REMEDIATION METHODOLOGIES -- 5.4.1   Conventional treatment processes -- 5.4.1.1   Activated sludge process (ASP) -- 5.4.1.2   Membrane biological reactor (MBR) -- 5.4.2   Advanced emerging treatment techniques -- 5.4.2.1   Ozonation -- 5.4.2.2   UV irradiation -- 5.4.2.3   Adsorption-based removal -- 5.5   REGULATIONS BY GLOBAL AUTHORITIES FOR ANTIBIOTICS UTILIZATION -- 5.6   CURRENT ADVANCES AND FUTURE OUTLOOK -- 5.7   CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6 : Function of nanomaterials in the treatment of emerging pollutants in wastewater -- 6.1   INTRODUCTION -- 6.2   CLASSIFICATION OF NANOMATERIALS (NMS) -- 6.2.1   Carbon-based nanomaterial -- 6.2.1.1   Fullerene -- 6.2.1.2   Carbon nanotubes -- 6.2.1.3   Graphene -- 6.2.2   Metal/metal oxide-based nanomaterials -- 6.3   SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOMATERIALS -- 6.3.1   Green synthesis of nanomaterials -- 6.3.2   Characterization of nanomaterials -- 6.4   NANOMATERIALS-BASED APPROACHES OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT (WWT) -- 6.5   ADVANCES IN TERMS OF GREEN APPROACH FOR THE LARGE-SCALE USE OF NANOMATERIALS IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT -- 6.5.1   Nanofiltration -- 6.5.2   Nano adsorbents -- 6.5.3   Photocatalysis -- 6.5.4   Nano sensors -- 6.6   BARRIERS ASSOCIATED AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS OF NANOTECHNOLOGIES -- 6.7   FUTURE PERSPECTIVES OF NANOMATERIALS IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT (WWT) -- 6.8   CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7 : Treatment approaches for emerging contaminants in sludge and wastewater -- 7.1   INTRODUCTION -- 7.2   BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES -- 7.2.1   Conventional -- 7.2.1.1   Activated sludge -- 7.2.1.2   Membrane bioreactor -- 7.2.1.3   Anaerobic digestion -- 7.2.1.4   Nitrogen removal.

7.2.2   Non-conventional -- 7.2.2.1   Constructed wetlands -- 7.2.2.2   Composting -- 7.2.2.3   Microalgae-mediated processes -- 7.2.2.4   Mycoremediation -- 7.2.2.5   Enzymatic processes -- 7.2.2.6   Bioelectrochemical systems -- 7.3   PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROCESSES -- 7.3.1   Advanced oxidation processes -- 7.3.2   Adsorption -- 7.3.3   Membrane filtration -- 7.3.4   Pyrolysis -- 7.4   TREATMENT TRENDS FOR ECS REMOVAL -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8 : Novel approaches for removing emerging contaminants from sludge using fungal-mediated processes -- 8.1   INTRODUCTION -- 8.2   FUNGAL SPECIES USED FOR THE REMOVAL OF ECs -- 8.2.1   Fungal species used for the removal of ECs from sludge -- 8.2.2   Mechanisms by which fungi can remove ECs from sludge -- 8.3   RECENT ADVANCES IN FUNGAL-MEDIATED PROCESSES FOR EC REMOVAL -- 8.3.1   Fungal reactors -- 8.3.2   Coculture-based approach -- 8.3.3   Enzymes application-based approach -- 8.3.4   Genetically modified fungi application-based approach -- 8.4   FACTORS AFFECTING FUNGAL-MEDIATED PROCESSES -- 8.5   APPLICATIONS OF FUNGAL-MEDIATED TECHNOLOGY FOR EC REMOVAL -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9 : Tracing the pathways: the journey of emerging contaminants from wastewater into the environment -- 9.1   BACKGROUND -- 9.2   EMERGING (MICRO)POLLUTANTS IN THE ENVIRONMENT -- 9.2.1   Pharmaceuticals -- 9.2.2   Antidepressants -- 9.2.3   Personal care products (PCPs) -- 9.2.4   Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) -- 9.2.5   Phthalate esters (PAEs) -- 9.2.6   Pesticides -- 9.2.7   Endocrine active compounds -- 9.2.8   Surfactants and food additives -- 9.2.9   Musks -- 9.3   EC IN AN AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENT -- 9.3.1   Classification and sources of EC -- 9.3.2   Occurrence of EC in different water matrix -- 9.3.2.1   Surface water -- 9.3.2.2   Groundwater.

9.3.2.3   Drinking water -- 9.3.2.4   Wastewaters -- 9.3.2.5   Other matrix -- 9.3.3   Pathways of ECs -- 9.4   GLOBAL OCCURRENCE OF SOME IMPORTANT ECs -- 9.5   FATE OF ECs IN ENVIRONMENTAL WATERS -- 9.5.1   Human metabolites -- 9.5.2   Microbial transformation -- 9.5.3   Physicochemical processes -- 9.6   ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING OF ECs -- 9.6.1   Sampling mode and strategy -- 9.6.2   Analysis methods -- 9.7   POLICY AND LEGISLATION (INDIA) -- 9.8   CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE OUTLOOK -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10 : Fate and behaviour of pharmaceutical and personal care products in wastewater -- 10.1   INTRODUCTION -- 10.2   MAJOR CATEGORIES OF PPCPs -- 10.2.1   Categories of pharmaceutical products -- 10.2.2   Categories of personal care products (PCPs) -- 10.3   OCCURRENCE OF PPCPs IN WATER ECOSYSTEM -- 10.4   SOURCES AND FATE OF PPCPs -- 10.4.1   Sources of PPCPs in wastewater -- 10.4.2   Fate of PPCPs in wastewater -- 10.5   HARMFUL EFFECTS OF PPCPs -- 10.6   REMOVAL AND MANAGEMENT OF PPCPs FROM WASTEWATER -- 10.6.1   Different methods of management -- 10.6.1.1   Conventional systems -- 10.6.1.2   Membrane filtration -- 10.6.1.3   Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) -- 10.6.1.4   Activated carbon -- 10.6.1.5   Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) -- 10.6.1.6   Constructed wetlands -- 10.7   CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PROSPECTIVES -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 11 : A review of occurrence of emerging contaminants and the advanced analytical techniques used for detection and removal of these pollutants in wastewater -- 11.1   INTRODUCTION -- 11.1.1   Review methodology -- 11.2   OCCURRENCE -- 11.3   DETECTION -- 11.4   REMOVAL -- 11.4.1   Physiochemical methods -- 11.4.1.1   Adsorption methods -- 11.4.1.2   Membrane technology -- 11.4.2   Biological methods.

11.4.3   Chemical treatments.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.

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