Cover -- Contents -- The Authors -- Acronyms and abbreviations -- Introduction -- Chapter 1 : Global sanitation, situation and challenges: why do sanitation services advance more slowly than those for drinking water? -- Key messages: -- 1.1   CURRENT PROGRESS ON SANITATION -- 1.1.1   Non-sewered sanitation (NSS) and on-site (OSS) sanitation systems -- 1.1.2   Wastewater treatment -- 1.2   SANITATION DISPARITIES -- 1.2.1   Income and regions -- 1.2.2   Urban and rural areas -- 1.3   UNSAFE SANITATION IMPACTS -- 1.4   SANITATION AND THE 2030 AGENDA -- 1.5   THE HUMAN RIGHT TO SANITATION -- 1.6   SANITATION CHAIN APPROACH AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY -- Chapter 2 : Sanitation: an unavoidable public responsibility -- Key messages: -- 2.1   SANITATION AND THE SANITATION CHAIN -- 2.2   SANITATION WITHIN THE WATER SECTOR -- 2.3   THE GOVERNMENT FOR SANITATION -- 2.3.1   National sanitation policy -- 2.3.1.1   The government ' s role -- 2.3.1.2   The role of third parties -- 2.3.1.3   Non-governmental sanitation stakeholders and coordination with public institutions -- 2.3.1.4   Models for the provision of sanitation -- 2.3.2   The institutional sanitation framework -- 2.3.2.1   Participation of different sectors -- 2.3.2.2   National, regional and local levels -- 2.3.2.3   Institutional stakeholders' and partners' involvement -- 2.3.3   Legal sanitation framework -- 2.3.3.1   Mandates and coordination mechanisms -- 2.3.3.2   Conditions to provide the sanitation service -- 2.3.3.3   Reclaimed water, stabilised sludge and faecal matter standards -- 2.3.3.4   Reforms to the legal and institutional frameworks -- 2.4   CHALLENGES FOR REFORMING THE SANITATION POLICY -- 2.5   NEW APPROACHES FOR SANITATION POLICIES -- Chapter 3 : Policy and decision makers: the key to put 'sanitation for all' into practice.

Key messages -- 3.1   BACKGROUND -- 3.2   TASKS AND CHARACTERISTICS REQUIRED FROM SANITATION POLICY AND DECISION MAKERS -- 3.2.1   Understanding societal benefits from the provision of sanitation -- 3.2.2   Accountability of civil servants and service providers -- 3.2.3   Understanding institutions' role -- 3.2.4   Understanding the three dimensions to act -- 3.2.5   Being a team player -- 3.2.6   Performing multiple functions -- 3.2.7   Reinforcing or acquiring specific skills -- 3.3   IMPORTANT TOPICS FOR THE UNDERSTANDING OF SANITATION POLICY AND DECISION MAKERS -- 3.3.1   Effects of the lack of sanitation -- 3.3.1.1   Effects on public health -- 3.3.1.2   Effects on the environment -- 3.3.2   Basic sanitation 11 and wastewater treatment systems -- 3.3.3   Sanitation vs water reuse (circular economy) -- 3.3.3.1   Water reuse for agricultural irrigation -- 3.3.4   Risks to sanitation workers -- 3.3.4.1   Infection risks -- 3.3.4.2   Risks associated with gases -- 3.3.4.3   The sanitation working social environment -- 3.3.5   Sanitation and solid wastes -- 3.3.6   Water rights -- 3.3.7   Climate change -- 3.3.7.1   Effects on sanitation -- 3.3.7.2   Adaptation -- 3.3.7.3   GHG emissions and mitigation -- 3.4   ELEMENTS TO CONSIDER FOR SANITATION PROGRAMMES AND PROJECTS -- 3.4.1   Well-trained human resources -- 3.4.2   Equity -- 3.4.2.1   Gender -- 3.4.2.2   Indigenous and local knowledge -- 3.4.2.3   Covering the needs of all vulnerable groups -- 3.4.3   Use of innovative technologies -- 3.4.3.1   Use of green and hybrid solutions -- 3.4.3.2   Technology development -- Chapter 4 : The need to manage perception, attitudes and knowledge on sanitation -- Key messages: -- 4.1   THE NEED FOR SOCIAL PARTICIPATION -- 4.2   PUBLIC PERCEPTION.

4.2.1   What we know about the perception on sanitation and water reuse -- 4.2.1.1   Per topic -- 4.2.1.2   Per social group -- 4.2.1.3   Per sector -- 4.2.1.4   Per region -- 4.2.1.5   Recommendations to understand stakeholders' perception -- 4.3   ATTITUDES -- 4.3.1   Attitudes and behavioural change interventions -- 4.3.2   Using legislation to guide public perception -- 4.4   COMMUNICATION AND AWARENESS RAISING CAMPAIGNS -- 4.4.1   Managing communication campaigns -- 4.4.2   Awareness raising and communication for water reuse -- 4.5   EDUCATION -- Chapter 5 : Sanitation costs and financing -- Key messages: -- 5.1   WHY SANITATION IS IMPORTANT FOR THE ECONOMY -- 5.2   CURRENT FINANCIAL SITUATION -- 5.2.1   Funds needed to achieve SDG 6.2 and impact of the lack of sanitation on the economy -- 5.2.2   WASH global financing situation -- 5.2.3   Financial needs and sufficiency of funds for sanitation -- 5.2.4   Funding sources -- 5.3   SANITATION COSTS -- 5.3.1   Sanitation cost components -- 5.3.1.1   Capital costs (initial investment) -- 5.3.1.2   Operation and maintenance costs -- 5.3.1.3   Human resources, capacity building and awareness raising -- 5.3.1.4   Disaster risk prevention and management -- 5.3.1.5   Greenhouse gas emissions -- 5.3.1.6   Technology development -- 5.3.1.7   Rehabilitation, replacement, expansion and upgrades -- 5.3.2   Urban, small and rural infrastructure costs -- 5.3.3   Local variation of costs -- 5.3.4   Sanitation delivery chain costs -- 5.3.5   Distribution of costs (who is paying what and how much) -- 5.4   FINANCING -- 5.4.1   Options for financing -- 5.4.1.1   Conventional options -- 5.4.1.2   Innovative financing mechanisms -- 5.4.2   Considerations to enable an adequate financing framework.

5.4.2.1   The philosophy behind financing criteria -- 5.4.2.2   Critical groups for financing -- 5.4.2.3   Technical aspects -- 5.4.3   Strategies for disbursement -- 5.4.3.1   Conventional disbursement -- 5.4.3.2   Revolving funds -- 5.4.3.3   Results-based financing -- 5.5   EXPENDING FUNDS -- Chapter 6 : Conclusions -- Definitions -- References.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.